Table 5.

Associations of maternal air pollution exposure with uterine artery notching in third trimester (95% CI).

Air pollution exposure	Unilateral notching odds ratio (n = 4,244)	Bilateral notching odds ratio (n = 4,091)
PM10 (per 10 µg/m3)
Prior 2 weeks	0.94 (0.77, 1.12)	1.18 (0.92, 1.51)
Prior 2 months	0.93 (0.70, 1.23)	1.31 (0.88, 1.94)
Total pregnancy perioda	0.96 (0.66, 1.38)	1.14 (0.67, 1.93)
NO2 (per 10 µg/m3)
Prior 2 weeks	0.99 (0.85, 1.16)	1.22 (0.97, 1.53)#
Prior 2 months	0.96 (0.79, 1.16)	1.33 (0.99, 1.78)#
Total pregnancy perioda	1.12 (0.85, 1.48)	1.18 (0.79, 1.76)
Values are odds ratios and reflect the risk for unilateral and bilateral uterine artery notching in third-trimester per 10‑µg/m3 increase in air pollution exposure. Models are adjusted for gestational age at measurement, fetal sex, maternal age, body mass index, parity, ethnicity, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, and folic acid supplementation use. aAir pollution exposure for the total pregnancy period was estimated as average exposure for the period from conception until third-trimester measurement. #p < 0.10.