Table 1.
Distribution of Population Characteristics, 1996, 2002, 2008
| Sample Size | Percentage Distribution (weighted) | 1996–2008 Difference |
2002–2008 Difference |
1996–2002 Difference |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1996 | 2002 | 2008 | 1996 | 2002 | 2008 | t-stat | p-val | t-stat | p-val | t-stat | p-val | |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 0–5 | 2,018 | 3,455 | 3,046 | 32 (30–33) | 30 (29–31) | 31 (30–33) | –0.39 | 0.700 | 1.06 | 0.290 | −1.43 | 0.154 |
| 6–12 | 2,577 | 4,498 | 3,588 | 37 (36–39) | 37 (36–38) | 36 (35–38) | −0.47 | 0.636 | −0.57 | 0.567 | 0.05 | 0.962 |
| 13–18 | 2,000 | 3,760 | 3,027 | 31 (30–33) | 33 (31–34) | 33 (32–34) | 0.85 | 0.396 | −0.50 | 0.615 | 1.36 | 0.173 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 3,358 | 6,022 | 5,088 | 52 (50–53) | 51 (50–52) | 51 (50–52) | −0.60 | 0.546 | 0.05 | 0.961 | −0.68 | 0.499 |
| Female | 3,237 | 5,691 | 4,653 | 48 (47–50) | 49 (48–50) | 49 (48–50) | 0.60 | 0.546 | −0.05 | 0.961 | 0.68 | 0.499 |
| Race/Ethnicity (mutually exclusive categories) | ||||||||||||
| White | 3,370 | 5,155 | 3,302 | 65 (62–68) | 60 (58–62) | 57 (54–60) | −4.09 | <0.001 | −1.93 | 0.055 | −2.77 | 0.006 |
| African American | 1,051 | 2,166 | 2,300 | 16 (13–18) | 16 (14–17) | 16 (14–17) | 0.20 | 0.872 | 0.00 | 0.997 | 0.25 | 0.804 |
| Hispanic | 1,933 | 3,828 | 3,455 | 15 (13–17) | 18 (17–20) | 22 (19–25) | 3.73 | <0.001 | 2.13 | 0.034 | 2.97 | 0.003 |
| Other | 241 | 564 | 604 | 4 (3–5) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 1.17 | 0.071 | −0.27 | 0.784 | 1.60 | 0.110 |
| Family income relative to federal poverty line | ||||||||||||
| Poor/Near Poor (<125%) | 2,237 | 3,730 | 3,693 | 26 (24–29) | 22 (21–24) | 25 (23–27) | −0.93 | 0.354 | 1.73 | 0.085 | −2.77 | 0.006 |
| Low/Middle (125–400%) | 3,090 | 5,818 | 4,386 | 51 (48–53) | 50 (49–52) | 49 (47–52) | −0.73 | 0.464 | −0.67 | 0.504 | −0.20 | 0.845 |
| High Income (>400%) | 1,268 | 2,165 | 1,582 | 26 (24–28) | 27 (26–29) | 26 (24–28) | 1.67 | 0.096 | −0.98 | 0.329 | 2.76 | 0.006 |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Northeast | 1,271 | 1,761 | 1,423 | 19 (16–21) | 18 (16–20) | 17 (15–19) | −1.07 | 0.285 | −0.77 | 0.442 | −0.34 | 0.733 |
| Midwest | 1,346 | 2,165 | 1,950 | 23 (21–26) | 22 (20–25) | 22 (19–24) | 0.96 | 0.336 | −0.52 | 0.604 | −0.59 | 0.556 |
| South | 2,264 | 4,397 | 3,602 | 35 (31–38) | 35 (33–38) | 37 (35–40) | 1.30 | 0.195 | 1.04 | 0.297 | 0.47 | 0.639 |
| West | 1,714 | 3,390 | 2,686 | 24 (21–26) | 24 (21–27) | 24 (22–27) | 0.33 | 0.742 | −0.02 | 0.984 | 0.42 | 0.676 |
| Urban | ||||||||||||
| non-MSAa | 1,417 | 2,214 | 1.324 | 20 (18–23) | 18 (16–19) | 15 (13–18) | −2.50 | 0.013 | −1.30 | 0.193 | −2.05 | 0.040 |
| MSA | 5,178 | 9,499 | 8,317 | 79 (77–82) | 82 (80–84) | 84 (81–87) | 2.50 | 0.013 | 1.30 | 0.193 | 2.05 | 0.040 |
| Insurance | ||||||||||||
| Any Private | 3,979 | 6,354 | 4,501 | 69 (66–71) | 66 (64–67) | 61 (58–63) | −4.45 | <0.001 | −3.19 | 0.002 | −2.20 | 0.028 |
| Public Only | 1,750 | 4,265 | 4,358 | 20 (18–23) | 26 (25–28) | 31 (29–33) | 6.83 | <0.001 | 3.26 | 0.001 | 4.99 | <0.001 |
| Uninsured | 866 | 1,094 | 802 | 11 (10–12) | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | −3.28 | 0.001 | 0.29 | 0.774 | −4.28 | <0.001 |
| Columbia Impairment Scale (ages 5–17) | ||||||||||||
| Not impaired (CIS< 16) | 3,970 | 7,242 | 5,852 | 87 (85–89) | 87 (86–88) | 88 (87–89) | 1.43 | 0.153 | 0.01 | 0.993 | 1.49 | 0.136 |
| Impaired (CIS>=16) | 619 | 1,007 | 746 | 13 (11–15) | 12 (11–13) | 12 (11–13) | −1.43 | 0.153 | −0.01 | 0.993 | −1.49 | 0.136 |
Source: Author’s Calculations from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 1996–2008
Note: 95 percent confidence intervals in parentheses.
Metropolitan Statistical Area