Biodistribution of nanoparticles quantified 24 h post-injection into HCC tumor burdened Sprague Dawley rats. Results of ICP-OES analysis for (A) Si and (B) Fe on the indicated organs. Formulations “pSi,” “Fe3O4” and “25% NC” correspond to empty poly(ethylene) glycol-coated Si nanoparticles, Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in 2 kDa poly(ethylene) glycol micelles, and composite nanoparticles (Fe3O4:pSi mass ratio = 25%), respectively. The in vivo residence time of the three formulations, obtained from blood samples using fluorescently labeled (Cy-7) nanoparticles, is quantified in (C). The half-life of the nanocomposite particles was 96 min.