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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 12;72(21):5516–5528. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-0775

Figure 6. RhoJ/Pak1 Regulate Melanoma Chemoresistance by Suppressing Cellular Mechanisms that Sense DNA Damage.

Figure 6

Our studies revealed that RhoJ/ Pak kinases activate Plk1, resulting in the phosphorylation and degradation of Claspin. In the absence of Claspin, ATR is not able to activate its downstream effectors Chk1 and ATF2. In p53 wild type cells, Chk1 is no longer able to phosphorylate p53 and induce apoptosis while ATF2 is no longer able to regulate the expression of Sox10, which also suppresses apoptosis and stimulates cell proliferation.