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Hypothetic scheme illustrating interference between TNFα and PPARα signaling pathways at the level of the human C3 promoter. PPARα interacts with the PPRE and activates the C3 gene in a ligand-dependent manner. TNFα up-regulates the C3 gene via p65 binding with the NRE but down-regulates PPARα. Ligand-dependent activation of PPARα inhibits TNFα-mediated stimulation of C3 gene in a PPRE-dependent manner.
