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Detection of intracellular c-di-AMP in E. coli cultures harboring the empty vector pET28a or the expression vector pGP1973 (CdaA), pGP1974 (CdaS), or pGP1975 (CdaSL44F). Cells were grown in LB medium, and cell extracts were prepared as described under “Experimental Procedures.” c-di-AMP levels were determined by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Standard deviations (error bars) based on three biological replicates are indicated. Note the logarithmic scale of the y axis.
