Fig. 3.

Neuropathological alterations in the white matter of patients with HIV-associated leukoencephalopathy. All images are from the white matter of the frontal lobe and corpus callosum, stained with H&E, approximate magnification 400 ×. (a) Normal brain tissue illustrating white matter (WM) and microvasculature. (b–d) Mild cases had intense lymphocytic (L) and macrophage (M) infiltration around blood vessels, with expansion of the perivascular space and white matter rarefaction. (e–h) More severe cases also had disrupted microvasculature (arrows). Multinucleated giant cells (MNGC), microglial cells (^*), and reactive astrocytes (a) surrounded vessels. White matter was diffusely fragmented and diminished.