Table 3.
Cluster Group Differences in Family and Cultural Background
| Career Oriented | Independent | Family Oriented | Early | Inconsistent | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Background Variables | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | FCluster (df) |
| Socioeconomic statusa | 0.42ab (0.88) | 0.10 (0.76) | −0.32b (0.88) | −0.17a (0.83) | −0.03 (0.83) | 3.69** (4,223) |
| Mothers’ years living in the U.S. | 23.06a (15.01) | 23.79b (14.20) | 11.46abc (11.69) | 17.07 (14.53) | 23.47c (15.53) | 4.63* (4,223) |
| Adolescents’ generation | 2.16a (1.17) | 2.41b (1.08) | 1.28abc (0.58) | 2.00 (1.03) | 2.32c (1.10) | 5.51** (4,215) |
| N | N | N | N | N | χ2 (4) | |
| Country of birth | ||||||
| Mexico | 12 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 20.78** |
| U.S. | 21 | 50 | 6 | 27 | 43 | |
| Language preference | ||||||
| Spanish | 3 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 21.25** |
| English | 30 | 64 | 15 | 32 | 53 | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Girls | 27 | 30 | 14 | 25 | 25 | 16.37** |
| Boys | 6 | 38 | 10 | 19 | 34 | |
Note. Clusters with the same subscripts in each row are significantly different at p < .05 according to Tukey’s post hoc tests.
a
Socioeconomic status is a standardized variable and is the composite of family income, mothers’ education attainment, and fathers’ education attainment.
*
p< .05.
**
p < .01.