Table 4.
Cluster Means (and Standard Deviations) on Indicators of Cultural Experiences and Adjustment
| Career Oriented | Independent | Family Oriented | Early | Inconsistent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cultural orientations | |||||
| Mexican orientation | 3.55 (0.70) | 3.45 (0.74) | 4.12 (0.67) | 3.90 (0.75) | 3.50 (0.80) |
| Mainstream orientation | 4.06 (0.45) | 4.01 (0.51) | 3.70 (0.76) | 3.86 (0.68) | 4.11 (0.57) |
| Differencea | −0.51a (1.01) | −0.57bd (1.05) | 0.42abc (1.13) | 0.04de (1.08) | −0.61ce (1.13) |
| Cultural values | |||||
| Gender role att.b | 2.03a (0.52) | 2.06b (0.52) | 2.33 (0.51) | 2.27 (0.47) | 2.37ab (0.42) |
| Familism support | 4.56a (0.35) | 4.44 (0.49) | 4.53 (0.72) | 4.44 (0.46) | 4.20a (0.72) |
| Cultural involvementc | |||||
| with family membersd | 24.88 (10.84) | 23.06a (10.09) | 26.08 (8.57) | 27.49ab (10.11) | 23.93b (11.39) |
| with Mexican peers | 1.69ab (3.18) | 2.62 (2.73) | 2.20 (2.36) | 3.03a (3.22) | 4.01b (4.42) |
| Adjustment | |||||
| Depressive symptoms | 1.68 (0.46) | 1.73 (0.48) | 1.83 (0.36) | 1.94 (0.58) | 1.89 (0.46) |
| Risky behavior | 1.18ab (0.17) | 1.41a (0.39) | 1.24 (0.20) | 1.32 (0.30) | 1.46b (0.47) |
| Parental warmthe | 4.11a (0.62) | 3.80b (0.62) | 4.23bc (0.49) | 3.82 (0.56) | 3.70ac (0.69) |
Note. Clusters with the same subscripts in each row are significantly different at p < .05 according to Tukey’s post hoc tests.
a
Difference scores were created by subtracting Mainstream Orientation from Mexican Orientation.
b
Higher values correspond to more traditional gender role attitudes.
c
Untransformed overall means (in hours) across one week are reported.
d
Adolescents whose father was not of Mexican origin were excluded.
e
Parental warmth is the average of mother warmth and father warmth.