Table 11. Techniques employed in behaviour change interventions.
| Behaviour Change Techniquea | Number of Studiesb | Behaviour Change Techniquea | Number of Studiesb |
| Provide feedback on performance | 13 [36,105–107,109,112,115–122] | Facilitate social comparison | 1 [125] |
| Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general | 11 [36,86,105–107,112–113,119,122–123,125,172] | Model/Demonstrate the behaviour | 1 [125] |
| Tailoring | 11 [36,105–107,112,114–119,127] | Provide information on where and when to perform the behaviour | 1 [119] |
| Goal setting (behaviour) | 12 [83,86,109,111–114,119–120,122–123], | Prompt practice | 1 [113] |
| Prompt self-monitoring of behaviour | 10 [36,105–106,111–112,114,116–117,120–121,123] | Prompt review of behavioural goals | 1 [113] |
| Barrier identification/problem solving | 8 [36,105–106,109,112,114,119,122,172] | Provide rewards contingent on successful behaviour | 1 [105–106] |
| Action planning | 5 [36,86,105–106,112–113] | Agree behavioural contract | 0 |
| Goal setting (outcome) | 5 [36,105–106,112,115,118] | Emotional control training | 0 |
| Prompt self-monitoring of behavioural outcome | 5 [105,109,115,118–119,122] | Fear arousal | 0 |
| Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour | 5 [36,105–106,109,112,127] | General communication skills training | 0 |
| Use of follow-up prompts | 5 [36,86,105–106,113,172] | Motivational interviewing | 0 |
| Plan social support/social change | 3 [36,105–106,172] | Prompt anticipated regret | 0 |
| Relapse prevention/coping planning | 3 [36,105–106,172] | Prompting generalisation of a target behaviour | 0 |
| Teach to use prompts/cues | 3 [86,111,119] | Prompt identification as role model/position advocate | 0 |
| Environmental restructuring | 2 [36,105–106] | Prompt self talk | 0 |
| General planning | 2 [36,105–106] | Prompt use of imagery | 0 |
| Prompting focus on past success | 2 [36,105–106] | Provide rewards contingent on effort or progress towards behaviour | 0 |
| Provide information on consequences of behaviour to the individual | 2 [36,105–106] | Shaping | 0 |
| Provide information about others' approval | 2 [36,105–106] | Stress management | 0 |
| Provide normative information about others' behaviour | 2 [123,125] | Stimulate anticipation of future rewards | 0 |
| Prompt review of outcome goals | 2 [118–119] | Time management | 0 |
| Set graded tasks | 2 [36,105–106] |
a
Using taxonomy of behaviour change techniques.
b
Total may add up to more than 26 as some interventions used more than one behaviour change technique.