Fig. 2.
Noradrenergic stimulation of Microglia. 1 NE regulates microglia disease response by enhancing phagocytosis and soma migration while suppressing proliferation and cytokine production. 2 NE enhances cell survival via activation of two parallel pathways: induction of astrocytic BDNF production and suppression of microglial cytokine production. 3 NE may constitutively suppresses synaptic scaling up by suppressing TNFα production and inducing BDNF production