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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 18.
Published in final edited form as: Neurochem Res. 2012 Jun 21;37(11):2496–2512. doi: 10.1007/s11064-012-0818-x

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Noradrenergic stimulation of Microglia. 1 NE regulates microglia disease response by enhancing phagocytosis and soma migration while suppressing proliferation and cytokine production. 2 NE enhances cell survival via activation of two parallel pathways: induction of astrocytic BDNF production and suppression of microglial cytokine production. 3 NE may constitutively suppresses synaptic scaling up by suppressing TNFα production and inducing BDNF production