Table 2.
Determinants |
Treatment start (n=35) |
No CHC treatment (n=50) |
P-value* |
---|---|---|---|
% (n) or median [IQR] | % (n) or median [IQR] | ||
Demographics: |
|
|
|
Male |
65.7 [23] |
58 [29] |
|
Female |
34.3 [12] |
42 [21] |
0.48 |
Age (years) |
41.8 (37.2-45.1) |
37.5 (34.8-43.8) |
0.06 |
Age beginning OMT (years) |
35.0 (31.9-39.9) |
33.4 (29.2-39.1) |
0.45 |
Opiate maintenance therapy: |
|
|
|
Methadone |
88.5 (31) |
92 (46) |
|
Buprenorphin |
8.6 [3] |
2 [1] |
|
Morphin |
2.9 [1] |
6 [3] |
0.51 |
Single OMT therapy |
88.6 (31) |
86 (43) |
|
Use of ≥1 different opiate in the past |
11.4 [4] |
14 [7] |
1.0 |
Duration of OMT (months) |
55.0 (35.0-110.1) |
24.0 (9.8-46.3) |
<0.001# |
Average methadone dose during OMT (mg) |
73 (50–120) |
73 (50–122) |
0.83 |
Psychiatric comorbidity: |
|
|
|
None or stable disorder |
68.6 [24] |
52 [24] |
|
Unstable disorder |
31.4 [11] |
48 [26] |
0.060 |
Injection drug use (IDU): |
|
|
|
In the past, yes |
91 (32) |
94 (47) |
|
In the past, no |
9 [3] |
6 [3] |
0.69 |
Current, yes |
8.6 [3] |
24 [12] |
|
Current, no |
91.4 (32) |
76 (38) |
0.086 |
Other drug and excessive alcohol use: |
|
|
|
Current heroin use |
20 [7] |
32 [16] |
|
No heroin use |
80 [28] |
68 (34) |
0.22 |
Current cocaine use |
25.7 [9] |
26 [13] |
|
No cocaine use |
74.3 [26] |
74 (37) |
0.98 |
Current benzodiazepine use |
14.7 [5] |
26 [12] |
|
No benzodiazepine use |
85.3 [29] |
74 (38) |
0.41 |
Excessive alcohol use |
28.6 [10] |
34 [17] |
|
No alcohol excess |
71.4 [25] |
66 (33) |
0.60 |
Occupational and housing variables: |
|
|
|
Employability (%) |
60 (30–100) |
60 (30–100) |
0.52 |
Single household |
40 [14] |
34 [17] |
|
Shared household |
51.4 [18] |
56 [28] |
|
Other lodging |
8.6 [3] |
10 [5] |
0.90 |
HIV-co-infection† |
|
|
|
HIV positive |
14.7 [5] |
23.9 [11] |
|
HIV negative | 85.3 [29] | 76.1 (35) | 0.40 |
*Group comparisons by Chi-square or Fisher exact as appropriate and Mann–Whitney test;
# remained independently associated with treatment start after controlling for age, sex, psychiatric comorbidity, IDU, drug and alcohol use, employability, housing and HIV-co-infection with an OR (95% CI) of 1.02 (1.006-1.04) (p=0.01); †HIV-status was missing in 5 patients.