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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012 Nov 2;35(1):45–49. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.08.005

Table 3.

Odds of Substances Identified in Toxicology Testing for Physicians compared to Non-Physicians (reference). Limited to individuals tested for each substance

SUBSTANCES PRESENT (among those tested) Physician versus non-physician
OR (95% Confidence Interval)
p-value
Antidepressants 1.31 (0.82–2.10) p=0.263
Antipsychotics 28.7 (7.94–103.9) p<0.0005
Benzodiazepines 21.0 (11.4–38.6) p<0.0005
Barbituates 39.5 (15.8–99.0) p<0.0005
Opiates 1.15 (0.72–1.83) p=0.551
Amphetamines 0.51 (0.07–3.67) p=0.503
Cocaine 0.20 (0.03–1.43) p=0.108
Blood Alcohol >0.08 0.56 (0.33–0.95) p=0.032

Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for demographics (gender, race, age, marital status)