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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Pharm. 2012 Dec 24;10(1):77–89. doi: 10.1021/mp3005148

Table 3.

Potential challenges to MSC-based islet transplantation.

  • Safety profile of ex-vivo expanded MSCs

  • Local vs. global site of action

  • Mechanism of action of MSC in islet transplantation (immunomodulation vs. revascularization and proliferation of beta cells)

  • Ex vivo transdifferentiation of MSCs to functional beta cells

  • Optimization of dose, timing and co-immune therapy for islet transplantation

  • Autologous vs. allogenic MSC therapy