Table 3.
Intervention Effects on Child Skills
| Variable | Control group | Intervention Group | Intervention Effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Effect | P-value | |
| Language Skills | ||||||
| Vocabulary | 34.62 (10.76) | 41.03 (11.24) | 34.94 (11.10) | 42.79 (11.55) | .15 | .02 |
| Grammatical Understanding | 8.62 (5.14) | 11.72 (4.90) | 9.72 (4.95) | 11.95 (4.70) | −.07 | .56 |
| Sentence Imitation | 1.11 (.72) | 1.56 (.80) | 1.19 (.79) | 1.57 (.75) | −.04 | .73 |
| Emergent Literacy Skills | ||||||
| Blending | 11.53 (4.30) | 13.04 (4.30) | 11.58 (4.26) | 14.71 (4.33) | .39 | .001 |
| Elision | 7.71 (3.43) | 9.61 (3.58) | 8.21 (3.49) | 11.19 (4.02) | .35 | .001 |
| Print Awareness | 7.97 (8.31) | 16.49 (12.59) | 8.86 (9.43) | 18.84 (12.84) | .16 | .10 |
| Social Cognitions | ||||||
| Emotion Identification | 5.68 (2.27) | 7.12 (2.28) | 5.39 (2.16) | 7.45 (2.36) | .21 | .06 |
| Emotion Recognition | 1.34 (.29) | 1.52 (.26) | 1.37 (.31) | 1.61 (.24) | .23 | .03 |
| CST Aggressive Responses | 2.01 (2.30) | 2.06 (2.55) | 1.96 (2.27) | 1.53 (2.21) | −.21 | .04 |
| CST Competent Responses | 2.37 (2.05) | 2.29 (2.05) | 2.51 (2.16) | 3.16 (2.55) | .35 | .005 |
| CST Inept Responses | 2.52 (2.11) | 2.56 (2.34) | 2.51 (2.11) | 1.94 (2.01) | −.28 | .03 |
Note: Group means are presented with standard deviations below in parentheses. Effect estimates represent approximate effect size.