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. 2012 Aug 13;22(3):383–396. doi: 10.1089/scd.2012.0218

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

ESCs and iPSCs have variable neural propensity using the default pathway conditions. (A) Phase-contrast microscopy images of ESCs (upper, left) and iPSCs (lower, left) on a feeder layer, LIF-dependent primitive neurospheres (pNS; center), FGF-dependent definitive neurospheres (dNS; right). The ES-derived dNS (upper, right) show a free-floating phenotype, while the iPS-derived dNS (lower, right) show a considerable amount of adhesion and differentiation. (B–D) iPS-dNSCs show an increase in neural gene transcription. However, iPS-dNSCs retained pluripotency and endodermal gene expression compared to ES-dNSC controls. (B) Neural-specific markers are significantly increased in the ESC- and iPSC-derived dNSCs. (C) Pluripotency genes are altered as iPSCs follow the default pathway, however, to a lesser extent than the ESCs. (D) Endodermal lineage gene markers remain present in the iPS-dNSCs. ND denotes not detected; mean±SEM; n=3; scale represents 75 μm (R1 and G4 ES lines. C5, C5-4A, and B1-1G iPSC lines). ESCs, embryonic stem cells; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; NSCs, neural stem cells; dNSCs, definitive NSCs; ES, embryonic stem; ESC, embryonic stem cells; SEM, standard error of the mean.