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. 2012 Dec 7;11:93. doi: 10.1186/1475-925X-11-93

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Culture of iPS-Heps in bioreactor modules. An ELISA assay showed a linear increase in albumin for 7 days in bioreactor modules embedding iPS-Heps (A). The amount of albumin produced by iPS-Heps in the bioreactor module at day 7 was 82.4 ± 12.7 ng/ml. Isolated hepatocytes in the bioreactor modules produced a significant amount of albumin on day 1 (141.1 ± 21.3 ng/ml) The amount had only slightly increased by day 3, then the albumin concentration sequentially decreased over the following 4 days. The ELISA data shown are means ± SDs from three independent experiments. *p < 0.01 iPS cells vs isolated hepatocytes. iPS-Heps produced urea at the concentration of 0.1 ± 0.1 mg/dl, whereas hepatocytes produced 0.6 ± 0.1 mg/dl (B). *p < 0.01 iPS cells vs isolated hepatocytes. †p < 0.01 iPS-Heps vs isolated hepatocytes. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed cell clusters attached to the extracapillary membrane (C,D,E). These results indicated that iPS-Heps existed in the extracapillary space in an adhesive state, and those cells survived for up to 7 days of culture. Scale bar = 10 μm.