Table 1.
Medicinally Utilized Plants in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea
| Genus and species [References] | Voucher number | Family | Local name [Dialect : Village] | Disease | Plant part | Medicinal preparation | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Abrus sp. [9,11] |
WL065 |
Leguminosae |
Amanani-Aginogo [U : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Adenostemma sp. [13,14]*, [15]* |
SK057 |
Asteraceae |
Hovepa [B : S] |
Swollen skin & skin infection |
L, F & vines |
Sun drying |
E |
|
Ageratum conyzoides L. [8,9,11,13,14,16]*, [15]* |
SK013 |
Asteraceae |
Govu suva [S : O] |
Diarrhea |
L & F |
F / Succus |
O |
|
Alpinia sp. [8,9,11,13,14,16]*, [17] |
WL052 |
Zingiberaceae |
Amo-o [Ki : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
Stem |
Concoction |
O |
|
Alpinia sp. [8,9,11,13,14,16]*, [17] |
SK056 |
Zingiberaceae |
Sinogepuna [B : S] |
Swollen joints |
L |
Chopped leaves are cooked together with pig meat |
O |
|
Alpinia sp. [8,9,11,13,14,16]*, [17] |
SK030 |
Zingiberaceae |
Gini giye [S : O] |
Flatulence |
yf L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Alpinia sp. [8,9,11,13,14,16]*, [17] |
RJ006 |
Zingiberaceae |
Koikadene [I : J] |
Ovulation / Fertility |
Fruit/Seeds |
Fresh |
O |
|
Alpinia sp. [8,9,11,13,14,16]*, [17] |
SK020 |
Zingiberaceae |
Gavu [S : O] |
Sever fever |
yf L & shoot |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Alstonia brassii Monach. [8-11,13,16,18] |
SK064 |
Apocynaceae |
Gigipe [B : S] |
Skin infection |
Sap (Milkywhite) |
Fresh / Succus |
E |
|
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. [8-11,13,16,18] |
RJ011 |
Apocynaceae |
Yaknalae's Ita [I : M-B] |
Malaria |
L, B |
Fresh / dry |
O |
|
Alstonia sp. [8-11,13,14,16]*, [15,18,19]* |
SK046 |
Apocynaceae |
Hihipa [B : S] |
To gain strenght during warfare |
L & B |
Cut into small pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Alyxia sp. [14]*, [18] |
RJ034a |
Apocynaceae |
Kevitingoje [I : J] |
Dyspnea |
soft L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Aristolochia indica L. [20] |
RJ001 |
Meliaceae |
Yaki'Itchale [I : J] |
Malaria, Abortion, uterine inflammation |
L, B |
Fresh, Decoction |
O |
|
Ascarina philippinensis C.B.Rob. [21]*, [14]* |
RJ036 |
Chloranthaceae |
Nebotniari [I : J] |
High fever |
L, fruit |
Fresh |
O |
|
Ascarina philippinensis C.B.Rob. [21]*, [14]* |
WL021 |
Chloranthaceae |
Pawasa [F : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Aspium sp. |
WL034 |
Unidentified |
Waise [F : Y / E] |
Diarrhea / abdominal pain / Cachexia |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Bacopa sp. |
SK033 |
Scrophulariaceae |
Momoto [G : U] |
For gaining weight |
L, F & Stem |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Barringtonia sp. [8,9,13,15-17]* |
SK054 |
Barringtoniaceae |
Lahapa [B : S] |
Stomach ache |
L & sap |
Sap & chopped leaves are mixed together and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Begonia rex Putz. |
RJ012 |
Begoniaceae |
Woyatchale [I : J] |
Sores / Boils (esp. on neck) |
L, Stem |
Fresh or dried |
O |
|
Begonia sp. [9,10,21]*, [13,14]*, [15,20,22-24]* |
WL031 |
Begoniaceae |
Awaya [F : Y] |
Excessive menstrual bleeding |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Begonia sp. [9,10,21]*, [13,14]*, [15,22-24]* |
RJ002 |
Begoniaceae |
Saiguwong'giye [I : J] |
Strong cough / general good health |
L / or A |
Fresh |
O |
|
Bidens pilosa L. [9,11,13,15,16,19,24]* |
WL045 |
Asteraceae |
Kamena [K : E] |
Sores & Wounds |
L |
Heated / Succus |
E |
|
Bidens pilosa L. [9,11,13,15,16,19,21,24]* |
RJ013 |
Asteraceae |
Toiporeyie [I : J] |
Cuts/Wounds/Scratches (Hemostatis) |
L & shoot |
Succus (crushed) |
E |
|
Blumea sp. [9,10,13,14,21] |
WL020 |
Asteraceae |
Aleu [F : Y] |
Weight decrease due to abdominal problems / nausea |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Boerlagiodendron eminens (W. Bull) Merr.*** |
SK050 |
Araliaceae |
Sofa [B : S] |
Control sexual desire of men |
L |
Leaves cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Bubbia sp. |
RJ021 |
Winteraceae |
Pangwe [I : J] |
Aches and pains, cough, arthritis, dyspnea |
L, B |
Decoction |
O |
|
Calycacanthus magnusianus K. Schum |
RJ029 |
Acanthaceae |
Ikowote/Wusale [I : W / AD] |
Sores (all types) |
L |
Fresh (Mascerated) |
E |
|
Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) Rehder [10,21]*, [14]* |
SK009 |
Fagaceae |
Nege [S : G] |
Otitis media |
B |
F /Succus (Scraped and juice extracted) |
E |
|
Casuarina oligodon L.A.S. Johnson [21]*, [14]*, [25] |
WL062 |
Casuarinaceae |
Alaeva / Karavefa [Ki / K : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb. |
SK045 |
Oleaceae |
Hagavi [B : S] |
Malnutrition/Growth retardation |
L & B |
Scrapped bark & chopped leaves are cooked in bamboo with pig meat |
O |
|
Chrysanthemum sp. |
SK015 |
Asteraceae |
Seveya [S : O] |
Boil |
F |
F /Succus |
E |
|
Cinnamomum sp. [9,10,21]*, [13,14]*, [15,20,22-24]* |
WL007 |
Lauraceae |
Yaravu [F : U] |
Weakness / nausea / vomiting |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Cinnamomum sp. [9,10,21]*, [13,14]*, [15,20,22-24]* |
SK036 |
Lauraceae |
Yahoma [B : S] |
Poison within body system |
L & B |
Scraped B is added to chopped L & pig meat and cooked in bamboo |
O |
|
Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Leight |
WL075 |
Cladoniaceae |
Lanefa-Kikinofa [K : A] |
Vaginal discharge / bleeding |
A |
Heated |
O |
|
Coleus blumei Benth. [9,11] |
SK043 |
Lamiaceae |
Mufler [B : S] |
Induce labour in childbirth |
L |
Cut into pieces and cooked with other leaves & pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. [9,21]*, [13,15]* |
RJ007 |
Lamiaceae |
Wuririta [I : J] |
Strong productive cough |
f soft L |
Heated and Fresh |
O |
|
Commelina sp. [8,9,11,14]*, [15]* |
WL042 |
Commelinaceae |
Hitirifa [K : E] |
Headache [Analgesic] |
A |
Fresh |
O |
|
Commersonia bartramiana (L.) Merr. [8,21]* |
WL001 |
Sterculiaceae |
Kalaifa [K : E] |
Emetic |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Coprosma sp. [14]* |
WL066 |
Rubiaceae |
Loanoya [Ki : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Cordyline fruticosa (Linnaeus) A. Chevalier [8,13,14,16]*, [15] |
SK019 |
Agavaceae |
Gini fono [S : O] |
Anemia & Dizziness |
yL |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth [9-11] |
RJ044 |
Agavaceae |
Alebiyei [I : KA] |
Magical |
soft un-sprouted shoot / L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Cosmos sp. |
SK001 |
Asteraceae |
Seho gihi [G : N] |
Toothache |
F |
Decoction |
O (Rinse) |
|
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore [9,21]*, [14,15]* |
RJ037 |
Asteraceae |
Matchope [I : J] |
Wounds and cuts (hemostasis) |
L |
Succus (crushed) |
E |
|
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore [9,21]*, [14]*, [15]* |
SK004 |
Asteraceae |
Okore gihi [G : N] |
Fresh cuts |
yL, F & Stem |
F / Succus (All are squeezed together) |
E |
|
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore [9,21]*, [14]*, [15]* |
WL046 |
Asteraceae |
Ino-Kamena-e [K : E] |
Sores & Wounds |
L |
Heated / Succus |
E |
|
Crotalaria retusa L. [9,13] |
SK071 |
Leguminosae |
Orupa flawa [G : G] |
Chicken-pox |
F |
Fresh / Succus |
E |
|
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. [9] |
SK005 |
Hypoxidaceae |
Orupa napa [G: N] |
Growth retarded children |
Tubers |
Maceration, then liquid is used to cook greens & meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Cyrtandra sp. [21]*, [13,14]*, [15]* |
SK060 |
Gesneriaceae |
Minise [B : S] |
Malnutrition |
L & Stem |
Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Cyrtandra sp. [21]*, [13,14]*, [15]* |
WL032 |
Gesneriaceae |
Asaswa [F : Y] |
Weight decrease due to abdominal problems / nausea |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Cyrtandra sp. [13,21]*, [14]*, [15]* |
RJ015 |
Gesneriaceae |
Kodatchale [I : J] |
Emetic and strong cough (expectorant) |
L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Decaspermum bracteatum (Roxb.) A.J.Scott |
SK047 |
Myrtaceae |
Sosome [B : S] |
Back & joint pain, headache & toothache |
L & B |
Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Dendrobium sp. [9,21]*, [13,14]* |
SK029 |
Orchidaceae |
Fonomuna [S : O] |
Severe headache & dizziness |
L & stem |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat |
O |
|
Dendrobium sp. [9,21]*, [13,14]* |
WL048 |
Orchidaceae |
Kinua [K : E] |
Backache [Analgesic] |
A |
Fresh |
O |
|
Dendrocnide interrupta (L.) Chew |
WL035 |
Urticaceae |
Fai [K : U] |
Muscle / joint pains / headache |
L |
Fresh |
E |
|
Dendrocnide sp. [13] |
RJ048 |
Urticaceae |
Iwole [I : J] |
Productive cough |
soft L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Desmodium sp. [8,9,11,13,14,16]*, [22,26] |
SK021 |
Leguminosae |
Suwaroka ginona [S : O] |
Malnutrition |
L, F & Stem |
Cooked with meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. [14]*, [15]* |
SK066 |
Liliaceae |
Mamuha [B : S] |
Irritating cough & throat mucus |
L & Tubers |
Infusion |
O |
|
Diospyros sp. [13] |
WL010 |
Ebenaceae |
Kigi Yosita-e [F : Y] |
Shortness of breath w/ abdominal discomfort and bodyswelling |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Diospyros sp. [13] |
WL037 |
Ebenaceae |
HamaitoYosa [K : E] |
Significant weight loss |
L & B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. [11,21]*, [14,16]*, [27] |
WL044 |
Sapindaceae |
Karu [K : E] |
Bone Fractures / Painful joints |
L |
Heated |
E |
|
Drymaria cordata (L.) [9,14]*, [15] |
RJ042 |
Caryophyllaceae |
Motdeikedike [I : J] |
Tooth ache |
A |
Decoction |
O |
|
Elaeagnus sp. [21]* |
WL009 |
Elaeagnaceae |
Tunakafe yosita-e [U : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Dried |
O |
|
Elaeocarpus sp. [9,10,13,14,21]*, [15,17]* |
WL051 |
Elaeocarpaceae |
Ukari [K : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Eleutheranthera sp. [28] |
WL056 |
Asteraceae |
Lemu [Ki : A] |
Pains [general analgesic] |
R |
Concoction |
O |
|
Emilia prenanthoidea DC. [10,13,14]*, [9,21] |
SK022 |
Asteraceae |
Gambiri govu [S : O] |
Rumbling stomach |
L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.[14,21]* |
WL013 |
Asteraceae |
Kisekise / Okiopa [K : U] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Euphorbia hirta L. [9,15,16] |
SK032 |
Euphorbiaceae |
Saha gihi [G : U] |
Dysentery |
L, F & Stem |
F / Succus |
O |
|
Eurya sp. [21]*, [14]* |
WL070 |
Theaceae |
Iyaleya [Ki : A] |
Headache, fatigue, GI discomfort, muscle aches and arthralgia |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Eustrephus latifolius R. Br. |
SK075 |
Philesiaceae |
Haya sono [G : G] |
Anti-helminthics |
L |
Fresh / Succus |
O |
|
Ficus benjamina L. [29] |
SK052 |
Moraceae |
Makeyafa [B : S] |
Joint & back pain |
L & B |
Scraped bark & chopped leaves are cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Ficus copiosa Steud. [8,9,21]*, [14,16]* |
WL047 |
Moraceae |
Atai-Yosita [K : E] |
Chest Pains, labored breathing |
L & B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Ficus pumila L. [8-11,13,14,16]*, [19,22] |
WL025 |
Moraceae |
Kasakonde [F : Y] |
Malaise, fever, shaking, vomiting [sometimes] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Ficus pungens Reinw. ex BL. [9,10,13,14,16]* |
SK073 |
Moraceae |
Gegeha [G : U] |
Shivering hands & feet |
L & Fruit |
Chopped leaves & smashed fruits are cooked together with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Ficus pungens Reinw. ex Blume [9,10,13,14,16]* |
RJ017 |
Moraceae |
Ayeye [I : W] |
Oral trush |
soft f L |
Succus (crushed) |
O |
|
Ficus sp. [8-11,13,14,16,21]*, [19,22] |
WL015 |
Moraceae |
Higifa [K : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Ficus sp. [8-11,13,14,16,21]*, [19,22] |
WL038 |
Moraceae |
Yagarueta [K : E] |
Malaise, fever, shaking, vomiting [sometimes] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Finschia sp. |
SK037 |
Proteaceae |
Yakof [B : S] |
Abdominal swelling |
L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat |
O |
|
Gardenia sp. [14]*, [21]* |
SK007 |
Rubiaceae |
Amanini [G : N] |
Faintness / Epilepsy |
L |
Chopped into pieces & cooked with meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Glochidion sp. [14]*, [15]* |
SK024 |
Euphorbiaceae |
Poroqui [S : O] |
Frequent dizziness |
yf L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Gordonia papuana Kobuski [21]*, [14]* |
WL069 |
Theaceae |
Oasiri / Kogaisiri [Ki / K : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griffith [8,21]*, [14]*, [22] |
WL017 |
Acanthaceae |
Otoro [U : Y] |
Excessive menstrual bleeding |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Grevillea papuana Diels [10,13,21] |
SK072 |
Proteaceae |
Mumusopa yaha [G : G] |
F cuts & Ulcer sores |
L |
Poultice |
E |
|
Hemigraphis sp. [8-10,21]*, [13,14]*, [20] |
WL074 |
Acanthaceae |
NamKatoga [K : NI (E)] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Hemigraphis sp. [8-10,21]*, [13,14]*, [20] |
RJ041 |
Acanthaceae |
Bukmeye/Murie [I : KA] |
Magical |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Hyptis sp. [9,11,13,23] |
SK017 |
Labiatae |
Seve moiba [S : O] |
Spear wounds |
L |
F / Succus |
E |
|
Hyptis sp. [9,11,13,23] |
SK018 |
Labiatae |
Gekesagu [B : S] |
Otitis media |
Soft stem & Stem skin |
F / Succus |
E |
|
Impatiens hawkeri W.Bull [10,21]*, [14]* |
RJ043 |
Balsaminaceae |
Meyebui [I : KA] |
Magical |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Impatiens hawkeri W.Bull [10,21]*, [14]* |
RJ045 |
Balsaminaceae |
Kolumbota [I : KA] |
Magical |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Kibara katikii Philipson |
SK025 |
Monimiaceae |
Suwa nara [S : O] |
Epilepsy |
L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. [9,10,21]*, [13,16,19,22,24,26,30] |
RJ009 |
Urticaceae |
Nabotne (green) [I : J] |
Liver pain |
soft L |
Heated and Fresh |
O |
|
Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. [9,10,21]*, [13,16,19,22,24,26,30] |
RJ018 |
Urticaceae |
Nabotne (Pink) [I : J] |
Joint pain (analgesic); magical |
L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Laportea sp. [9,10,21]*, [13,14,16,19,22,24,26,30] |
RJ004 |
Urticaceae |
Keletichale [I : J] |
Liver pain (Epigatric pain) |
f soft L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd. [8] |
SK063 |
Urticaceae |
Hagaza [B : S] |
Skin itchiness |
L & stem |
Fresh / Succus |
O & E |
|
Litsea exsudens Kosterm. [14]* |
SK048 |
Lauraceae |
Sagifa [B : S] |
Cleanes bodysystem |
L & B |
Leaves & barks are cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) exell apud A.R. Fernandes [21]* |
WL040 |
Onagraceae |
Lawolawosa [K : E] |
Blood in urine, yellow tongue, headache with high fever, aching joints [all ocurring together] |
A |
Concoction |
O |
|
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven [14]* |
SK069 |
Onagraceae |
Goluwaiyo [G : G] |
Ulcer sores |
Fruit & seeds |
Fresh / Succus |
E |
|
Maclura sp. |
RJ020 |
Moraceae |
Iveriate [I : J] |
Malaria |
soft L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Medinilla sp. |
SK028 |
Melastomataceae |
Lunu aira [S : O] |
Anemia |
L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat |
O |
|
Melastoma malabathricum L. [14]* |
WL014 |
Melastomataceae |
Tawakaya [F : U] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L & B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Melastoma sp. [8,9,11,13,14]* |
WL006 |
Melastomataceae |
Kora Yosa / Au Yosaita [F / K : Y] |
Heart Problems |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Mucuna stanleyi C.T.White [8,9,13] |
RJ014 |
Leguminosae |
Kang'ole [I : J] |
Contraception |
soft L |
Succus (crushed) |
O |
|
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack [28] |
SK068 |
Rutaceae |
Onupa yaha [G : N] |
Mentallydisturbed |
L |
Leaves are cut into pieces and cooked with meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Murraya sp. [28] |
SK031 |
Rutaceae |
Nuva yaha [G : G] |
Nasal congestion |
L |
Steaming |
I |
|
Musa sp. [8,9,11,13,14,16,21]*, [23,24,30] |
WL053 |
Musaceae |
Abu [Ki : K] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
Stem |
Concoction |
O |
|
Myrmecodia sp. [8,21]*, [13] |
RJ046 |
Rubiaceae |
Kleklina [I : KA] |
Magical |
soft L |
Concoction / Fresh |
O |
|
Ophiorrhiza nervosa RidL. [14]* |
SK049 |
Rubiaceae |
Atu [B : S] |
Poison within body system |
L |
Cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Ophiorrhiza sp. [14,21]* |
WL011 |
Rubiaceae |
Temu / Afela Hefi [F / K : Y] |
Epigastric pain, nausea, vometing, abdominal swelling [Stomach cancer] |
L & soft stem |
Concoction |
O |
|
Orania sp. |
WL072 |
Arecaceae |
Vayave [K : AN (E)] |
Difficult breathing, cough and wheezing |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Oxalis corniculata L. [9,14,16]*, [19] |
SK041 |
Oxalidaceae |
Sokolo [B : S] |
Dysmenorrhoea |
L, F & Stem |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Oxalis corniculata L. [9,14,16]*, [19] |
SK035 |
Oxalidaceae |
Gehani gihi [G : M] |
Labour pain |
L, F & Stem |
F / Succus |
O |
|
Pandanus sp. [9,13,14,16,21]*, [22] |
RJ047 |
Pandanaceae |
Awangwe [I : J] |
Asthma |
soft L |
Succus (squeezed) |
O |
|
Phyllanthus niruri L. [9,11,13,16] |
SK070 |
Euphorbiaceae |
Saha gihi [G : G] |
Stings from insects/bees |
L & F |
Fresh / Succus |
E |
|
Piper aduncum L. [29] |
WL043 |
Piperaceae |
Kamani-Lucefa [K : E] |
Bone Fractures |
L |
Heated |
E |
|
Piper betle L. [9,10,16] |
SK061 |
Piperaceae |
Yagerere [B : S] |
Malnutrition |
L |
Chopped and cooked together with pig meat |
O |
|
Piper gibbilimbum C.DC. [14]*, [31,32] |
RJ038 |
Piperaceae |
Kutmunne [I : J] |
Improves platability of other TrM |
L |
Wrapper |
O |
|
Piper sp. [8-10,21]*, [13,14,16]*, [17,18,22] |
RJ039 |
Piperaceae |
Mudutganan'ne [I : KA] |
Magical |
soft L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Piper sp. [8-10,21]*, [13,14,16]*, [17,18,22] |
SK026 |
Piperaceae |
Gegiya [G : U] |
Toothache |
yf L |
Succus |
E |
|
Pipturus argenteus (G.Forst.) Wedd. [9,10,13,16,18,26] |
SK067 |
Urticaceae |
Ase yaha [G : N] |
Remove worms |
L |
Chopped leaves are cooked together with pig meat |
O |
|
Pittosporum sinuatum BL. [14]* |
WL058 |
Pittosporaceae |
Ilawau-u [Ki : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Pittosporum sp. [9,21]*[13,14,16]* |
RJ027 |
Pittosporaceae |
Wununghe [I : W |
Scabies, ulcerative sores |
A |
Decoction |
O |
|
Planchonella sp. [14]* |
RJ024 |
Sapotaceae |
Ik'klake [I : J] |
Abdominal swelling / Magical |
Seed, L, B |
Decoction (bark) / fresh |
O |
|
Plantago major L. [21]* |
SK044 |
Plantaginaceae |
Getuya [B : S] |
Diarrhea |
Whole |
Either cooked separately or with pig meat in a bamboo |
O |
|
Plantago major L. [21]* |
SK034 |
Plantaginaceae |
Masiga gihi [G : U] |
Deep wound (pig/dog bite, axe/knife wound) |
L & stem |
F / Succus |
E |
|
Plectranthus scutellarioides R. Br. [3,13,14,16,18] |
SK040 |
Lamiaceae |
Salita [B : S] |
Dysentery |
L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Podocarpus neriifolius Don. [9,27] |
WL054 |
Podocarpaceae |
Laso [Ki / K : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Poikilospermum sp. [8,14]* |
SK058 |
Urticaceae |
Sikrutafa [B : S] |
To gain weight/become fat |
L & vine |
Chopped leaves & scraped vines are cooked together with pig meat |
O |
|
Polygala paniculata L., [21]*, [13], [14]* |
SK016 |
Polygalaceae |
Nuva gihi [G : O] |
Malaria & High Fever |
L & F |
Cooked with meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Polygonum strigosum R. Br. [14] |
RJ022 |
Polygonaceae |
Tungole [I : J] |
Labor pain (analgesic) |
soft L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Polyscias filicifolia (C.Moore ex E.Fourn.) L.H.Bailey |
RJ005 |
Araliaceae |
Iriduki'Imetchale [I : J] |
Malaria |
L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Psidium guajava L. [8,9,13,16] |
SK002 |
Myrtaceae |
Gusigusi [G : N] |
Diarrhea |
L |
Fresh / Succus |
O |
|
Psoralea sp. |
SK003 |
Leguminosae |
Gulumeha [G : G] |
White mouth sores / Candida like |
L, F & Stem |
F / Succus (All at once) |
O (Chewed) |
|
Psychotria sp. [9,11,21]*, [13,14]* |
WL033 |
Rubiaceae |
Katoya [F : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Rubus moluccanus L. [9,14,16,21]* |
WL023 |
Rosaceae |
Uruturu [F : Y] |
Fevers |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Rungia klossii S.Moore [11,21]*, [14,30]* |
WL004 |
Acanthaceae |
Hefi [K : U] |
none |
Herb |
Major additive to Wl001- > 003 |
O |
|
Saccharum sp. [9,11,21]*, [13,14,16]*, [17,23,26] |
RJ051 |
Poaceae |
Sale / Saimije [I : J] |
Improves platability of other TrM |
Crystallized |
Additive (taste / texture) |
O |
|
Sacciolepis sp. [10,13,14,21] |
WL036 |
Poaceae |
Hufa-aigoyae [K : AN] |
Small sores & minor cuts |
F / Stem |
Succus |
E |
|
Salacia sp. [14]* |
WL029 |
Celastraceae |
Agenafa [K : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L & Stem |
Concoction |
O |
|
Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume |
SK008 |
Caprifoliaceae |
Golani yaha [G : N] |
Chicken-pox |
F |
Infusion used for bathing |
E |
|
Sanchezia nobilis var. glaucophylla Lem. |
SK076 |
Acanthaceae |
Girukaru [G : U] |
Broken bones & joint dislocations |
L |
Cooked with meat or other greens |
O & E |
|
Saurauia andreana (F.MuelL.) Diels [8,14]* |
WL064 |
Actinidiaceae |
Ayano [Ki : K] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Saurauia sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
SK027 |
Actinidiaceae |
Goiva [S : O] |
Ulcers |
L |
Poultice |
E |
|
Saurauia sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
SK051 |
Actinidiaceae |
Kiahuyave [B : S] |
Dysmenorrhoea |
L & B |
Leaves / bark or both are cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Saurauia sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
SK053 |
Actinidiaceae |
Yaketupa [B : S] |
Abnormal mouth & nose bleeding |
L & B |
Chopped leaves & scraped bark are cooked together with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Saurauia sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
RJ010 |
Actinidiaceae |
Kokgingila [I : J] |
Permanent contraceptive |
B |
Decoction |
O |
|
Saurauia sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
RJ030 |
Actinidiaceae |
Gol'lik [I : W / AD] |
Liver pain / epigastric pain |
L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Saurauia sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
WL005 |
Actinidiaceae |
Karakieta [F : Y] |
Pains, Fevers & GI Symptoms ["typhoid symptoms"] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Saurauia sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
WL018 |
Actinidiaceae |
Kaware [F : Y] |
Excessive menstrual bleeding |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Schefflera sp. [21]*, [13], [14]*, [15]* |
WL003 |
Araliaceae |
Ase [K : E] |
Emetic |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Scindapsus sp. |
SK055 |
Araceae |
Yage [B : S] |
Severelysick patients |
Stem & yf L |
Chopped leaves & scraped vines are cooked together with pig meat |
O |
|
Selaginella emmeliana Van Geert |
WL049 |
Selaginellaceae |
Kakasi [Ki / K : A] |
Swollen Hands and Feet |
L |
Concoction |
O / E |
|
Senecio sp. [14]* |
SK012 |
Asteraceae |
Gotu aira [S : O] |
Cough with runny nose |
yL & S |
F / Succus |
O |
|
Setaria sp. [8-10,14] |
SK010 |
Poaceae |
Nomu suva [S : O] |
Malaria |
whole plant |
Chopped into pieces & cooked with meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Sida acuta Burm. F. [9,13,16] |
SK014 |
Malvaceae |
Nivinihani [G : O] |
Dysmenorrhoea, Diarrhea |
yf L & Rs |
Eaten with food & F / Succus |
O |
|
Sigesbeckia orientalis L. [14]* |
SK042 |
Asteraceae |
Mezamua [B : S] |
Diarrhea |
Whole |
Fresh / Succus |
O |
|
Smilax rotundifolia L. [8,9,16] |
WL024 |
Smilacaceae |
Kogana [K : Y] |
Pains and Fevers [Analgesic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Smilax sp. [8,9,14,16]* |
WL030 |
Smilacaceae |
Ala-Kogana [K : U] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Smilax sp. [8,9,14,16]* |
SK023 |
Smilacaceae |
Gatapa nara [S : O] |
Epilepsy |
y soft L |
Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Steganthera sp. [14]* |
RJ033 |
Monimiaceae |
Kwagisal'lik [I : AD] |
Strong cough with burning/nausea |
soft L & S |
Fresh |
O |
|
Symplocos sp. [14,21]* |
WL002 |
Symplocaceae |
Vefa [K : E] |
Emetic |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Symplocos sp. [14,21]* |
WL059 |
Symplocaceae |
Nimihavaya [Ki : A] |
Epigastric pain |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Symplocos sp. [14,21]* |
RJ032 |
Symplocaceae |
Guruke [I : W |
Cough |
L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Syzygium longipes Merr. & L.M.Perry [8-11,13,16,18] |
SK059 |
Myrtaceae |
Maze [B : S] |
Malnutrition |
L & B |
Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Syzygium sp. [8-11,21]*, [13,14,16]*, [18] |
SK074 |
Myrtaceae |
Nuva yaha [G : G] |
Mild-severe chest pain |
L & Fruit |
Dry / fresh chopped leaves are cooked with meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Syzygium sp. [8-11,21]*, [13,14,16]*, [18] |
WL019 |
Myrtaceae |
Yasawa [F : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
|
Syzygium sp. [8], [9-11,21]*, [13,14,16]*, [18] |
SK038 |
Myrtaceae |
Fitome [B : S] |
Swallowing of poison |
L & B |
Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Tagetes sp. [11] |
SK006 |
Asteraceae |
Ukuromini [G : N] |
Toothache |
F & Stem near F |
F (All are squeezed and applied directly) |
D |
|
Tasmannia piperita (Hook. f.) Miers. [13,14] |
RJ008 |
Winteraceae |
Iridukichale [I : J] |
Malaria and strong cough |
L |
Fresh or dry |
O |
|
Tecoma sp. [21]*, [15]* |
WL067 |
Bignoniaceae |
Na-a [Ki : A] |
Vaginal discharge/bleeding |
R |
Concoction |
O |
|
Timonius belensis Merr. & L.M.Perry [14]* |
SK039 |
Rubiaceae |
Kipe [B : S] |
Joint & back pain |
L & B |
Scraped B is added to chopped L & pig meat and cooked in bamboo |
O |
|
Timonius sp. [9,13,14,16]* |
WL039 |
Rubiaceae |
Ubagu [K : E] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Trichospermum sp. |
WL071 |
Tiliaceae |
Aviya [Ki : A] |
Headache, fatigue, GI discomfort, muscle aches and arthralgia |
L |
Concoction |
O |
|
Tridax procumbens L. [11,16] |
SK077 |
Asteraceae |
Lilita [G : U] |
Mild-severe headache |
L |
Cooked with meat in bamboo |
O |
|
Tristiropsis sp. |
RJ023 |
Sapindaceae |
Longola [I : J] |
Malaria, cough w/ chest pain / Magical |
soft L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Uncaria sp. [8,21]*, [14]* |
SK062 |
Rubiaceae |
Glagigo [B : S] |
Internal sores & candida infections |
L & Stem |
Candida: stem smashed to release succus which is gargled; sores: stem and leaves are cooked and eaten |
O (Rinse) / O |
| Unidentified |
SK011 |
Araliaceae |
Gororotave nara [S : O] |
Toothache |
L & stem |
F / Succus (Cut & squeezed in hand) |
E |
| Unidentified |
SK065 |
Not given |
Nagepa [B : S] |
Headache |
L, F & Stem |
All parts are cooked together with pig meat |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ003 |
Unidentified |
Imetchale [I : J] |
Malaria |
L |
Fresh |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ016 |
Icacinaceae |
Kawikaule [I : J] |
Strong cough |
L |
Fresh or dry |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ025 |
Scrophulariaceae |
Imetchale [I : J] |
Malaria and Asthma |
A |
Fresh or dry |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ026 |
Solanaceae |
Kwagi'Kuwogie [I : J] |
Persistent cough |
L |
Fresh |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ028 |
Unidentified |
Kimamite (small) [I : J] |
Malaria / mental enhancement |
L, Stem |
Leaf Fresh / Stem charred and inhaled |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ031 |
Unidentified |
Kat'tungje [I : J] |
Strong cough with rhinorrhea (decongestant) |
L |
Fresh |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ034b |
Unidentified |
Ammate [I : J] |
Dyspnea |
soft L |
Fresh |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ035 |
Unidentified |
Kimamite (big) [I : J] |
Headache / Malaise |
L |
Fresh |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ040 |
Euphorbiaceae |
Klalebongbonge [I : KA] |
Magical |
soft shoot / L |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL008 |
Leguminosae |
Orovia [F : Y] |
Abdominal discomfort / bodyaches [also magical: make people like bearer] |
F |
Fresh |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL012 |
Unidentified |
Kuougo [U : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
Stem [dried] |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL016 |
Euphorbiaceae |
Kamira [KT : F] |
Excessive menstrual bleeding |
L |
Concoction |
O] |
| Unidentified |
WL026 |
Unidentified |
Tewesa [F : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
A |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL027 |
Myrtaceae |
Kuta [K : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] [also magical as protection for bearer] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL028 |
Unknown |
Nonhe [F : Y] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L & B |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL041 |
Unidentified |
Eso-Aginogi [K : E] |
Weight Loss with severe bodyaches and GI complications |
A |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL050 |
Unidentified |
Veya [Ki : A] |
Swollen Hands and Feet |
A |
Concoction |
O / E |
| Unidentified |
WL055 |
Lamiaceae |
Natano [Ki / K : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL057 |
Sapindaceae |
M-e [Ki : A] |
Pains [BodyAches] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL060 |
Theaceae |
Alau / Kalau [Ki / K : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL061 |
Unidentified |
Kaviaya / Kamagafa [Ki / K : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
B |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL068 |
Melastomataceae |
Masirita [Ki : A] |
GIT / Swelling [Magic] |
L |
Concoction |
O |
| Unidentified |
WL076 |
Unidentified |
Hapalaga Hitirifae [K : NI (E)] |
Diarrhea |
F / Fruit |
Fresh |
O |
| Unidentified |
RJ050 |
Unidentified |
Tungoje [I : J] |
Cough |
L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Usnea strigosa (Ach.) Eaton |
WL063 |
Parmeliaceae |
Oleazu [Ki : A] |
Headache |
A |
Concoction |
O |
|
Vaccinium sp. [13], [14]*, [21]*, [15]* |
RJ019 |
Ericaceae |
Yopengchale [I : J] |
Strong cough, asthma/dyspnea, fertility, stop menstruation |
L |
Fresh |
O |
|
Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8-10,16,22,26,30] |
RJ059 |
Zingiberaceae |
Imate [I : J] |
Sore throat / Magical |
Rhizome |
Concoction |
O |
| Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8-10,16,22,26,30] | WL073 | Zingiberaceae | Atu [K : NI (E)] | Common Ingredient | R | Concoction | Many |
Languages: Gahuku – G; Siane – S; Bena – B ; Ipma-Baruya Language – I ;Fore – F ; Keyagana – K ;Kimi = Ki ; Unknown – U.
Villages: Amusa - A; Ande - AD; Aniruvi - AN; Egera-Haga - E; Ginipauka - G; Jomuru -J; Kimi - K; Kam'mwa - KA; Kamiyovindi-Tunuku - KT; Masiga - M; Mala and Boiko M-B; Numurapoka - N; Niruvi - NI; Orumba - O; Sekagu -S; Unknown - U; Wauko - W; Yawanita Haya -Y.
Route: Oral – O ; External – E; D – direct on tooth; I - Inhaled.
Plant parts: Aerial parts – A; Bark – B; Flowers – F;; Leaves – L; Tubers – T; Root – R; Vine – V; Whole – W; young – y.
Medicinal preparation: Fresh – F.
*** now known as Osmoxylon eminens (W.Bull) Philipson.
A * following a reference number indicates no reference to medicinal use of the plant was made in the cited source.