Table 1.
Selected toxins and drugs causing hyperkinetic movement disorders
| Chorea |
| Alcohol intoxication/withdrawal |
| Antiepileptics |
| Phenytoin |
| Carbamezapine |
| Valproic acid |
| Gabapentin |
| Benzodiazepines |
| CNS stimulants |
| Dopamine agonists |
| Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives |
| Levodopa |
| Lithium |
| Metals |
| Copper (Wilson’s disease) |
| Organic Mercury |
| Neuroleptics |
| Myoclonus |
| Antiepileptics |
| Anxiolytics |
| Carisoproldol |
| Benzodiazepines |
| Bismuth salts |
| CNS stimulants |
| Levodopa |
| Monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
| Opiates |
| Serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
| Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors |
| Tricyclic antidepressants |
| Triptans |
| Dystonia |
| Antipsychotics |
| Haloperidol and butyrophenones |
| Ziprasidone and other atypical antipsychotics |
| Antiemetics |
| Metoclopramide |
| Phenothiazines (prochlorperazine) |
Compiled/adapted from: Ref. #1; Pract Neurol 2007;7(6):360–373; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1998;65(4):436–445; CNS Drugs 2004:18(2):93–104; Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies, 8th ed, New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2006; Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 5th ed, New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2006