Table 6.
Summary of tissue culture work on Bixa orellana
| Reference | Explant and mode of regeneration | Treatment/Medium | Result | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ramamurthy et al. 1999 | Node (Indirect) | B5 + BA 1.5 mgl−1 + IBA 1 mgl−1 for shoots and rooting in IBA 1 mgl−1 | 4–6 shoots along with callus | Low frequency of multiplication, requires 5–6 months to get plantlets with 30–60 % response |
| Nassar et al. 2001 | Coty. node, node (Direct) | WPM + 1 mgl−1 lBA/Kin + 0.2 mgl−1 NAA + 100 mg Tyrosine + 40 mgl−1 AS for shoot and rooting on WPM/1/2 MS + 3 mgl−1 NAA | Few shoots | low frequency of multiplication |
| D’Souza and Sharon 2001 | Shoot apex, node (Direct) | B5 + 2iP 4.9 μM + TRIA for shoot and rooting in 0.05 μM/2.7 μM NAA | 9 shoots per shoot apex and 5 shoots per node explants | low frequency of multiplication, high conc. of TRIA |
| Khan et al. 2002 | Seed (Indirect) | MS + 10 μM BA + 5 μM NAA for shoot and 1/2MS + 5 μM IBA for rooting | 6–7shoots per callus | Indirect regeneration, low frequency of multiplication |
| Neto et al. 2003 | Hypocotyl (HY), rooted HY (Direct) | MS + 4.56 μM Zeatin for shoot and rooting in 5.0 μM IBA | 3–4 shoots | Mechanical scarification of seeds may cause contamination and damage to embryo |
| Parimalan et al. 2007 | HY, rooted HY, coty. leaf, nodal shoot tips (Direct) | MS + TDZ + CW/BA + NAA for shoots. and IBA 3 mgl−1 for rooting | rooted hypocotyls give 22 shoots per explant | Seed dormancy breaking and sterilization tedious, chances for contamination of seeds, shoot length is only 10–16 mm |
| Parimalan et al. 2008 | Nodal shoot tip explants (Direct) | MS + 31.1 μM BA + 14.7 μM PAA for shoot and 4.9 μM IBA for rooting | 6–13 primary shoots | Seed dormancy breaking and sterilization tedious process, shoot length is less than 1.5 cm, callusing,high conc. of hormones |
| Parimalan et al. 2009 | Nodal shoot tip (Direct) | MS + 8.87 μM BA + 0.05 μM IAA + 11.2 μM TRIA for shoot and rooting in 4.9 μM IBA | 6–18 primary shoots | Seed dormancy breaking and sterilization tedious process, shoot ength is less than 1.5 cm, callusing |
| Parimalan et al. 2010 | Nodal shoot tip (Direct) | MS + 6.6 μM BA + 4.9 IBA + Putrescine 800 μM for shoot and rooting in 4.9 μM IBA | 12–13 shoots with maximum shoot length of 7.3 cm | Seed dormancy breaking and sterilization tedious process, callusing, |
| Present study | Node (Direct) | MS + 5 μM 2-iP for shoot and rooting in 10 μM IBA | 35.71 shoots per explant | Sterilization protocol simple, avoids contamination chances and seed germination percentage significantly high with the use of GA3 in germination medium. High frequency regeneration without auxin in multiplication medium, avoid callusing, chances for variation and reduce cost of production. Time taken for rooting is less. |
*HY hypocotyl, AS Adenine sulphate, CW Coconut water