Table 2.
ASD symptoms in children with anxiety disorders, and control children
| Anxiety | Control | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ES | F | p | |
| Early ASD symptoms (ADI-R) | |||||||
| Total (range 0–74) | 10.26 | 7.78 | 2.12 | 3.31 | 1.36 | 38.91 | <.001** |
| Social (range 0–32) | 4.48 | 4.46 | 1.43 | 2.61 | 0.83 | 14.64 | <.001** |
| Communication (range 0–26) | 4.31 | 3.61 | 0.60 | 1.19 | 1.38 | 40.06 | <.001** |
| Repetitive behavior (range 0–16) | 1.48 | 1.66 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 1.16 | 28.29 | <.001** |
| Current ASD-like behaviors (CSBQ) | |||||||
| Total score (range 0–98) | 19.08 | 14.91 | 6.23 | 5.56 | 1.14 | 23.28 | <.001** |
| (1) Behaviors not tuned to situation (range 0–22) | 5.76 | 4.67 | 2.46 | 2.50 | 0.88 | 13.17 | <.001** |
| (2) Withdrawal (range 0–24) | 4.62 | 4.89 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 20.97 | <.001** |
| (3) Orientation problems (range 0–16) | 1.86 | 2.60 | 0.75 | 1.08 | 0.56 | 4.38 | .013* |
| (4) Difficulty understanding social information (range 0–14) | 2.95 | 3.13 | 1.60 | 1.73 | 0.54 | 5.08 | .016* |
| (5) Stereotyped behaviors (range 0–16) | 1.67 | 2.34 | 0.29 | 0.64 | 0.81 | 12.31 | <.001** |
| (6) Fear of and resistance to changes (range 0–6) | 2.23 | 1.98 | 0.25 | 0.58 | 1.36 | 39.80 | <.001** |
* p < .05; ** p < .01
ES Effect size (Cohen’s d)