Table 3.
Effect of calcium chloride dip and gamma irradiation treatments on ascorbic acid, weight loss and yeast and mold count of Red Delicious apples during storage under refrigerated conditions
| Storage period (days) | Treatments | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | T9 | T10 | LSD@0.05 | |
| Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) | |||||||||||
| 30 | 3.8 ± 0.14a,C | 4.1 ± 0.11b,C | 3.8 ± 0.22a,C | 3.8 ± 0.20a,C | 4.1 ± 0.14b,C | 4.1 ± 0.21b,C | 4.1 ± 0.15b,C | 4.2 ± 0.30b,C | 4.5 ± 0.22c,C | 4.5 ± 0.24c,C | 0.20 |
| 60 | 3.2 ± 0.11a,B | 3.7 ± 0.15b,B | 3.4 ± 0.13a,B | 3.4 ± 0.12a,B | 3.6 ± 0.11b,B | 3.7 ± 0.15b,B | 3.6 ± 0.13b,B | 3.7 ± 0.16b,B | 4.1 ± 0.15c,B | 4.1 ± 0.11c,B | 0.20 |
| 90 | 2.6 ± 0.11a,A | 3.1 ± 0.13c,A | 2.6 ± 0.13a,A | 2.8 ± 0.11b,A | 3.1 ± 0.12c,A | 3.1 ± 0.14c,A | 3.0 ± 0.15c,A | 3.2 ± 0.14d,A | 3.6 ± 0.11e,A | 3.6 ± 0.12e,A | 0.10 |
| 45.8*f | 35.4*c | 45.8*f | 41.7*e | 35.4*c | 35.4*c | 37.5*d | 33.4*b | 25.0*a | 25.0*a | 1.5 | |
| LSD@0.05 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
| Weight loss (%) | |||||||||||
| 30 | 1.6 ± 0.20c,A | 1.2 ± 0.13a,A | 1.6 ± 0.22c,A | 1.4 ± 0.14b,A | 1.4 ± 0.21b,A | 1.3 ± 0.11b,A | 1.2 ± 0.15a,A | 1.2 ± 0.14a,A | 1.1 ± 0.12a,A | 1.1 ± 0.12a,A | 0.10 |
| 60 | 4.1 ± 0.30e,B | 3.0 ± 0.25b,B | 4.1 ± 0.23e,B | 3.5 ± 0.22d,B | 3.2 ± 0.15c,B | 3.2 ± 0.25c,B | 3.1 ± 0.13b,B | 2.9 ± 0.12b,B | 2.6 ± 0.15a,B | 2.4 ± 0.11a,B | 0.20 |
| 90 | 5.8 ± 0.20g,C | 4.1 ± 0.23d,C | 5.6 ± 0.33g,C | 4.9 ± 0.21f,C | 4.6 ± 0.15e,C | 4.4 ± 0.24e,C | 3.9 ± 0.15c,C | 3.8 ± 0.12c,C | 3.4 ± 0.11b,C | 3.0 ± 0.12a,C | 0.20 |
| LSD@0.05 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.40 | |
| Yeast and mold count (log cfu/g of sample) | |||||||||||
| 30 | 3.6 ± 0.32c,A | ND | 3.5 ± 0.33b,A | 3.3 ± 0.35a,A | 3.3 ± 0.37a,A | 3.3 ± 0.23a,A | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.03 |
| 60 | 3.8 ± 0.42c,B | ND | 3.7 ± 0.43b,B | 3.7 ± 0.33b,B | 3.7 ± 0.32b,B | 3.5 ± 0.25a,B | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.03 |
| 90 | 4.1 ± 0.44e,C | 3.3 ± 0.31b | 4.1 ± 0.41e,C | 3.9 ± 0.42d,C | 3.9 ± 0.31d,C | 3.7 ± 0.20c,C | 3.3 ± 0.32b | 3.1 ± 0.42a | 3.1 ± 0.33a | ND | 0.05 |
| LSD@0.05 | 0.03 | – | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | – | – | – | – | |
Values are means ± SD, n = 3; LSD = Least significant difference (p ≤ 0.05); ND = Not detected
* = Percentage decrease in ascorbic acid after 90 days of storage
Values with different superscript uppercase letters (A–C) within a column and superscript lowercase letters (a–g) within a row differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05)
T1 = Control; T2 = 0.4 kGy; T3 = 0.5% CaCl2; T4 = 1.0% CaCl2; T5 = 1.5% CaCl2; T6 = 2.0% CaCl2;
T7 = 0.5% CaCl2, 0.4 kGy; T8 = 1.0% CaCl2, 0.4 kGy; T9 = 1.5% CaCl2, 0.4 kGy; T10 = 2.0% CaCl2, 0.4 kGy