Table 1.

Summary of designer foods and their health benefits

S No	Micro/Macro nutrient	Designer foods	Health benefits
1	Omega 3 fatty acid	Omega 3 fatty acid enriched egg, oil and milk	Management of Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, autoimmune, allergic, neurological disorders, maternal health (Hargis and Van Elswyk 1993), osteoarthritis (Roush et al. 2010) and rheumatoid arthritis (Kjeldsen-Kragh et al. 1992)
2	Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)	CLA enriched egg and milk	Antiadipogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory (Magdalena et al. 2008)
3	Selenium (Se)	Se enriched egg, broccoli and milk	Prevents cardiac muscle degeneration, muscular dystrophy (Beale et al. 1990), reduce the risk and prevalence of prostate and colon cancer and antioxidant activity (Navarro-Alarcon and Cabrera-Vique 2008)
4	Glucoraphanin	Glucoraphanin enriched broccoli sprouts	Reduce the risk of cancer (Latté et al. 2011)
5	Probiotics	Probiotic yoghurt	Produces pro-inflammatory cytokines (Meyer et al. 2007), eliminates enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, H. Pylori, prevents gastrointestinal (Odamaki et al. 2012) and lower respiratory tract infections (Jayakanthan et al. 2011), improves defecation frequency and abdominal pain due to constipation in pediatric patients (Guerra et al. 2011), improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients (Ejtahed et al. 2011)
6	Vitamin D and calcium	Vitamin D and calcium fortified milk	Lowers PTH levels, reduce bone turnover, prevents the occurrence of overweight and obesity among postmenopausal women (Bonjour et al. 2009; Kruger et al. 2010)
7	Micronutrients	Micronutrient fortified milk, salt fortified with iodine, iron and vitamin A	Improves anemic status and reduces anemia in children and pregnant women (De-Regil et al. 2011; Sunawang et al. 2009)
8	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)	DHA enriched milk	Reduces the level of blood lipids, improves composition of red blood cell membranes (Atalah et al. 2009) and intelligence in infants when consumed by pregnant and lactating mother (Gale et al. 2010)
9	Monacolin, Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)	MFR (Expand)	Anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterol property (Rajasekaran and kalaivani 2009; 2011), promotes bone formation and immunomodulation (Tseng et al. 2012)
10	Phytosterols	Phytosterols enriched oil	Reduces total cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins and RLP cholesterol (Lugasi 2009)
11	Folic acid	Folic acid fortified grains	Reduces the risk of neural tube defects in newborns (Hertrampf et al. 2003)
12	Vitamins	Golden rice	Management of vitamin deficiencies (Potrykus 2003)