Table 1.
Summary of designer foods and their health benefits
| S No | Micro/Macro nutrient | Designer foods | Health benefits |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Omega 3 fatty acid | Omega 3 fatty acid enriched egg, oil and milk | Management of Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, autoimmune, allergic, neurological disorders, maternal health (Hargis and Van Elswyk 1993), osteoarthritis (Roush et al. 2010) and rheumatoid arthritis (Kjeldsen-Kragh et al. 1992) |
| 2 | Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) | CLA enriched egg and milk | Antiadipogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory (Magdalena et al. 2008) |
| 3 | Selenium (Se) | Se enriched egg, broccoli and milk | Prevents cardiac muscle degeneration, muscular dystrophy (Beale et al. 1990), reduce the risk and prevalence of prostate and colon cancer and antioxidant activity (Navarro-Alarcon and Cabrera-Vique 2008) |
| 4 | Glucoraphanin | Glucoraphanin enriched broccoli sprouts | Reduce the risk of cancer (Latté et al. 2011) |
| 5 | Probiotics | Probiotic yoghurt | Produces pro-inflammatory cytokines (Meyer et al. 2007), eliminates enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, H. Pylori, prevents gastrointestinal (Odamaki et al. 2012) and lower respiratory tract infections (Jayakanthan et al. 2011), improves defecation frequency and abdominal pain due to constipation in pediatric patients (Guerra et al. 2011), improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients (Ejtahed et al. 2011) |
| 6 | Vitamin D and calcium | Vitamin D and calcium fortified milk | Lowers PTH levels, reduce bone turnover, prevents the occurrence of overweight and obesity among postmenopausal women (Bonjour et al. 2009; Kruger et al. 2010) |
| 7 | Micronutrients | Micronutrient fortified milk, salt fortified with iodine, iron and vitamin A | Improves anemic status and reduces anemia in children and pregnant women (De-Regil et al. 2011; Sunawang et al. 2009) |
| 8 | Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | DHA enriched milk | Reduces the level of blood lipids, improves composition of red blood cell membranes (Atalah et al. 2009) and intelligence in infants when consumed by pregnant and lactating mother (Gale et al. 2010) |
| 9 | Monacolin, Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) | MFR (Expand) | Anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterol property (Rajasekaran and kalaivani 2009; 2011), promotes bone formation and immunomodulation (Tseng et al. 2012) |
| 10 | Phytosterols | Phytosterols enriched oil | Reduces total cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins and RLP cholesterol (Lugasi 2009) |
| 11 | Folic acid | Folic acid fortified grains | Reduces the risk of neural tube defects in newborns (Hertrampf et al. 2003) |
| 12 | Vitamins | Golden rice | Management of vitamin deficiencies (Potrykus 2003) |