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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2013 Jan-Feb;19(1):8–12. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e31827ab9d0

Table 3.

Factors associated with incorrect PFM contraction

Variable Correct PFM contraction N (%) Incorrect PFM contraction N (%) OR (95% CI) P Value
Univariate Analysis
Age (mean, SD) 50.3 ± 6.8 50.2 ± 6.9 0.97 (0.7,1.3) for change of 10 years of age 0.83

BMI (mean, SD) 26.1 ± 4.8 25.9 ± 4.9 0.9 (0.6,1.4) for a change of 10 units of BMI 0.79

Current Smoker
 Yes 27 (93.1) 2 (6.9) 2.5 (0.6,10.7) 0.21
 No 632 (84.3) 118 (15.7)

Caffeine
 At least once per day 463 (87.4) 67 (12.6) 0.527 (0.354, 0.784) 0.002
 Not everyday 193 (78.5) 53 (21.5)

Hysterectomy
 Yes 81 (81.0) 19 (19.0) 1.3 (0.8, 2.3) 0.28
 No 575 (85.2) 100 (14.8)

Race
 White 618 (84.8) 111 (15.2) 1.3 (0.5, 3.3) 0.60
 Other 36 (81.8) 8 (18.2)

Education
 Grad/prof degree 196 (86.7) 30 (13.3) 0.883 (0.437, 1.784) 0.45
 College or college grad 388 (83.4) 77 (16.6) 1.145 (0.605, 2.166) 0.37
 High school or less 75 (85.2) 13 (14.8)

Vaginal deliveries, continuous (mean, SD) 1.79 ± 1.67 2.15 ± 1.88 NA 0.04

Vaginal deliveries, categorical
 3 or more 195 (81.6) 44 (18.4) 1.7 (1.01, 2.8) 0.11
 1 or 2 244 (83.9) 47 (16.2) 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) 0.62
 0 209 (88.2) 28 (11.8)

Total parity, continuous (mean, SD) 2.2 ± 1.6 2.4 ± 1.9 NA 0.24

Total parity, categorical
 3 or more 232 (82.9) 48 (17.1) 1.33 (0.76, 2.35) 0.30
 1 or 2 287 (84.9) 51 (15.1) 1.15 (0.66, 2.00) 0.97
 0 129 (86.6) 20 (13.4)

Menopause
 Yes 280 (85.4) 48 (14.6) 0.88 (0.59, 1.32) 0.54
 No 344 (83.7) 67 (16.3)

Chronic cough
 Yes 11 (91.7) 1 (8.3) 0.5 (0.1,3.9) 0.50
 No 648 (84.5) 119 (15.5)

Health status
 Good or less 141 (83.9) 27 (16.1) 1.08 (0.67, 1.72) 0.76
 Excellent 517 (84.9) 92 (15.1)