Table 4.
Multi-Phase Growth Models of Life Satisfaction over Distance-to-Death With Change Points as Fixed or Random (n = 400).
| Life satisfaction |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed-change point |
Random-change point |
|||
| Parameter | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE |
| Fixed effects estimates | ||||
| Intercept1, a00 | 47.50 *** | (0.74) | 48.69 *** | (0.98) |
| Change point, k or a03 | 4.51 *** | (0.38) | 4.05 *** | (0.92) |
| Slope 12, a01 | − 0.56 *** | (0.07) | − 0.51 *** | (0.08) |
| Slope 22, a02 | − 2.18 *** | (0.27) | − 3.31 *** | (0.73) |
| Random effects estimates | ||||
| Variance intercept | 128.90 *** | (12.21) | 83.23 *** | (15.97) |
| Variance change point | n. e. | 11.58 ** | (4.31) | |
| Variance slope 1 | 0.60 *** | (0.14) | 0.26 * | (0.12) |
| Variance slope 2 | 6.49 ** | (1.98) | 5.34 * | (2.67) |
| Cov. intercept, change point | n. e. | 17.50 *** | (3.85) | |
| Cov. intercept, slope 1 | 6.14 ** | (1.11) | 2.90 ** | (1.02) |
| Cov. intercept, slope 2 | − 5.50 | (2.94) | − 15.82 ** | (4.84) |
| Cov. Change point, slope 1 | n. e. | 1.06 *** | (0.28) | |
| Cov. Change point, slope 2 | n. e. | − 2.89 | (2.06) | |
| Cov. slope 1, slope 2 | 0.04 | (0.32) | − 0.75 | (0.57) |
| Residual variance | 88.03 *** | (2.31) | 88.18 *** | (2.57) |
| Number parameters | 11 | 15 | ||
| DIC | 30,454 | 30,345 | ||
Note. Unstandardized estimates and standard errors are presented.
1
Intercept is centered at the change point in both models;
2
Slope or rate of change in T-units per year. Scores standardized to a T metric (mean = 50; SD = 10) using the entire SOEP longitudinal sample as the reference frame (mean = 7.02, SD = 1.55, see Lucas et al., 2003). DIC = Deviance Information Criterion, relative model fit statistic. n. e. = not estimated. Cov. = Covariance.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.