Functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Schwann cell lineage progression and terminal differentiation. Schematic illustration depicts the main stages of PNS myelination by Schwann cells (SCs). Loss of Dicer1 in SC precursors (SCPs) results in the failure of PNS myelination, with many SCs being arrested at the promyelinating stage. During development, miRNAs are likely to repress negative regulators of Schwann cell myelination, which, in turn, allows myelination to proceed.