Figure 8.

Microfluidic hydrogels for vascularization. (A) (a) Schematic representation of mechanically enhanced microfluidic hydrogel fabrication; (b) three-dimensional structure and (c) cross-sectional view; (d and e) hydrogels with enhanced microchannel wall. (d) Scale bar 500 μm; (e) scale bar 200 μm. (f and g) Fluorescent images of live-dead cells following the fabrication process (f) and after 3 days of perfusion culture (g). Scale bar 500 μm.⁹⁴ (B) (a) Schematic of fabrication process for microfluidic cell-encapsulating hydrogels (b and c) cross-sectional images of agarose constructs with channel size (b) 50 μm × 70 μm and (c) 1 mm × 150 μm. (a) Scale bar 50 μm and (b) scale bar 250 μm.⁹⁵ (C) (a) Multilayered collagen scaffold with microfluidic microchannels; (b) utilizing printed gelatin networks as a sacrificial element. Scale bar 5 mm. (c and d) Designed post fusion pattern of branched constructs using agarose rods as filling material.⁹⁶