Human CSC niche. A, c-kit-positive (green) human CSCs are nested together in the myocardial interstitium and are surounded by fibronectin (Fn, bright blue). These human CSCs are connected by gap junctions represented by connexin 43 (Cx43, yellow dots), and adherens junctions shown by N-cadherin (N-cadh, magenta) to cardiomyocytes (α-sarcomeric actin, α-SA, red). B, The area included in the rectangle in panel A is illustrated at higher magnification in panel B where these cell-to-cell communications between CSCs and cardiomyocytes are indicated by arrowheads. Additionally, Cx43 is detected between CSCs.