Table 3.
Composition of fatty acids (%) in maternal and umbilical cord plasma of adolescent and adult Brazilian mothers
|
Fatty acids |
Maternal plasma |
Umbilical Cord plasma |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescents | Adults | Adolescents | Adults | |
|
Monounsaturated |
|
|
|
|
| C18:1 (n-9) cis |
17.3 ± 5.2 |
18.0 ± 3.8 |
15.7 ± 2.4 |
17.8 ± 7.4 |
| C18:1 (n-9) trans |
0.7 ± 0.6 |
0.6 ± 0.4 |
0.5 ± 0.5a |
0.5 ± 0.5 |
|
Essential fatty acids |
|
|
|
|
| C18:2 n-6 (linoleic acid) |
31.3 ± 3.9 |
31.4 ± 6.0 |
12.5 ± 2.1a |
12.8 ± 4.8b |
| C18:3 n-3 (α-linolenic acid) |
0.2 ± 0.3 |
0.2 ± 0.1 |
0.5 ± 0.6 |
0.5 ± 1.3 |
|
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids |
|
|
|
|
| C20:4 n-6 (AA)1 |
5.5 ± 1.2 |
4.6 ± 2.4a |
13.1 ± 2.4a |
10.7 ± 4.0b,c |
| C20:5 n-3 (EPA)2 |
0.4 ± 0.2 |
0.4 ± 0.2 |
0.6 ± 0.3a |
1.1 ± 0.8b,c |
| C22:6 n-3 (DHA)3 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.5 ± 0.6 |
2.8 ± 0.7a |
2.7 ± 1.0b |
|
MFA Total4 |
20.3 ± 4.7 |
20.0 ± 3.9 |
21.2 ± 3.8 |
21.8 ± 7.2 |
|
EFA Total5 |
31.5 ± 3.9 |
31.5 ± 6.0 |
12.9 ± 2.3a |
13.0 ± 4.8b |
|
n-6 PUFA Total6 |
37.7 ± 4.5 |
35.8 ± 5.9 |
26.9 ± 2.4a |
23.4 ± 5.7b,c |
|
n-3 PUFA Total7 |
1.8 ± 0.7 |
1.9 ± 0.6 |
3.8 ± 1.2a |
3.6 ± 1.9b |
|
PUFA-LC Total8 |
7.2 ± 1.4 |
6.3 ± 2.8a |
16.3 ± 2.7a |
14.0 ± 4.4b,c |
|
Saturated Total9 |
35.9 ± 3.3 |
39.7 ± 4.9a |
44.5 ± 3.8a |
46.6 ± 6.2b |
| Trans Total10 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.5a | 0.8 ± 0.9 |
Values presented as mean and standard deviation (n = 40).
1AA – archidonic acid; 2EPA – eicosapentaenoic acid; 3DHA – docosahexaenoic acid; 4MFA total: total of monounsaturated fatty acid - It includes all the cis position; 5EFA total: total of essencial fatty acids – It includes C18:3 n-3 and C18:2 n-6; 6n-6 PUFA total: total of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids – It includes C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-6, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-6, C20:4 n-6 and C22:4 n-6; 7n-3 PUFA total: total of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – It includes C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3 and C22:6 n-3; 8PUFA-LC total: total of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids – It includes EPA, DHA and AA; 9saturated total - It includes C14:0, C15:0, C16:0 and C18:0; 10Trans total: It includes C 18:1 n-9 trans and C 18:2 n-6 trans.
a different from maternal plasma of adolescents mothers: P < 0.05.
b different from maternal plasma of adults mothers: P < 0.05.
cdifferent from umbilical cord plasma of adolescents mothers: P < 0.05.