Table 5.
Overall, mild and moderate sample. Changes in the EQ-5D within and between the intervention and usual care group with missing data replaced using last value carried forward
| |
|
|
Usual care group (n=112) |
|
|
Intervention group (n=119) |
|
Difference (95% CI) between groups (intervention group -usual care group)** |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Months | mean (SD) | Difference*(95% CI) | SRM# | mean (SD) | Difference*(95% CI) | SRM# | Difference | P-value | SES$ |
| |
Pre-intervention |
53.25 (17.63) |
|
|
50.76 (18.73) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
3 (Post-intervention) |
55.54 (16.36) |
2.29 (4.6 to −0.01) |
0.19 |
59.7 (18.1) |
8.97(12.20 to 5.72) |
0.50 |
4.19 (−0.31 to 8.66) |
0.067 |
0.26 |
|
Overall |
6 |
57.05 (16.97) |
3.80 (6.98 to 0.61) |
0.22 |
57.9 (20.7) |
7.09 (10.78 to 3.39) |
0.34 |
0.81 (−4.12 to 5.73) |
0.748 |
0.05 |
| |
9 |
57.69 (17.35) |
4.44 (8.0 to 0.87) |
0.23 |
59.2 (20.8) |
8.46 (11.99 to 4.93) |
0.43 |
1.54 (−3.43 to 6.51) |
0.543 |
0.09 |
| |
|
|
Usual care group (n=48) |
|
|
Intervention group (n=37) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Pre-intervention |
57.92 (18.10) |
|
|
57.81 (17.58) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mild |
3 (Post-intervention) |
60.71 (16.00) |
2.79 (6.17 to −0.59) |
0.24 |
65.7 (16.7) |
7.89(13.84 to 1.94) |
0.44 |
4.99 (−2.11 to 12.09) |
0.166 |
0.31 |
| |
6 |
60.90 (16.49) |
2.98 (7.71 to −1.75) |
0.18 |
64 (18.1) |
6.14 (12.73 to −0.47) |
0.31 |
3.05 (−4.43 to 10.53) |
0.420 |
0.18 |
| |
9 |
62.52 (15.02) |
4.60(9.75 to −0.54) |
0.25 |
67.8 (20.5) |
9.97 (16.82 to 3.11) |
0.48 |
5.26 (−2.39 to 12.92) |
0.175 |
0.35 |
| |
|
|
Usual care group (n=64) |
|
|
Intervention group (n=82) |
|
|
|
|
| |
Pre-intervention |
49.75 (16.56) |
|
|
47.59 (18.46) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
3 (Post-intervention) |
51.67 (15.67) |
1.92 (5.15 to −1.31) |
0.15 |
57.04 (18.08) |
9.45(13.39 to 5.50) |
0.52 |
5.36 (−0.263 to 10.99) |
0.062 |
0.34 |
|
Moderate |
6 |
54.17 (16.88) |
4.42 (8.82 to 0.02) |
0.25 |
55.11 (21.35) |
7.52 (12.07 to 2.97) |
0.36 |
0.93 (−5.49 to 7.37) |
0.774 |
0.06 |
| 9 | 54.06 (18.20) | 4.31 (89.33 to −0.70) | 0.21 | 55.37 (19.83) | 7.78 (11.95 to 3.60) | 0.40 | 1.30 (−5.00 to 7.61) | 0.684 | 0.07 | |
Abbreviations: SD standard deviation. CI confidence interval.
* Differences were calculated between follow-up measurement and baseline measurement.
Positive differences indicate improvement; a negative one denotes some worsening on clinical measures.
# SRM: Standardized response mean. Calculated as the mean change in score divided by the standard deviation of the change in score.
$ SES: Standardized effect size was computed as the mean difference between intervention and control group divided by the standard deviation of the control measurement.
A positive SRM denotes improvement; a negative one denotes some worsening on clinical measures.
** Difference was calculated between intervention group and control group.
Positive differences indicate improvement in the intervention group. Negative differences denote worsening in the intervention group.
Interpretation effect sizes: Values 0.2-0.5 represent small changes, 0.5-0.8 moderate changes and >0.8 large changes.