Table 2.
The Baseline Characteristics, Laboratory Findings and Echocardiography Results
|
Variables |
Control |
Obesity |
Obese reduction |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=8) | (n=8) | (n =8) | ||
| Initial body weight (g) |
26.0 ± 0.72 |
25.7 ± 0.66 |
25.7 ± 0.87 |
0.675 |
| Final body weight (g) |
34.4 ± 1.48a |
43.9 ± 1.55b |
35.4 ± 2.21a |
<0.0001 |
| Heart weight (g) |
0.14 ± 0.01a |
0.19 ± 0.02b |
0.15 ± 0.02a |
<0.0001 |
| Ratio of heart weight to tibial bone length |
0.070 ± 0.001a |
0.095 ± 0.002b |
0.075 ± 0.017a |
<0.001 |
| Abdominal fat weight (g) |
1.66 ± 0.41a |
4.09 ± 0.65b |
2.35 ± 0.08c |
<0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl)† |
136.3 ± 11.8a |
232.8 ± 7.53b |
188.8 ± 9.45c |
<0.001 |
| Initial fasting blood glucose level (mg/dl)† |
98.3 ± 9.0 |
103 ± 8.6 |
101.3 ± 9.4 |
0.688 |
| Final fasting blood glucose level (mg/dl)† |
142.5 ± 18.3a |
307.5 ± 74.7b |
181.2 ± 19.7c |
<0.0001 |
| Echocardiograph (baseline) |
|
|
|
|
| Thickness of inter-ventricular septum (mm) |
0.83 ± 0.09 |
0.82 ± 0.08 |
0.818 ± 0.098 |
0.616 |
| Thickness of posterior wall (mm) |
0.76 ± 0.09 |
0.77 ± 0.11 |
0.776 ± 0.089 |
0.720 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (mm) |
3.93 ± 0.26 |
4.10 ± 0.10 |
4.108 ± 0.083 |
0.117 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic dimension (mm) |
2.63 ± 0.23 |
2.71 ± 0.21 |
2.69 ± 0.170 |
0.809 |
| Fractional shortening (%) |
34.4 ± 2.01 |
32.7 ± 1.98 |
32.98 ± 1.64 |
0.240 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) |
64.0 ± 2.49 |
62.5 ± 2.43 |
62.27 ± 2.04 |
0.455 |
| Echocardiograph (at end of study period) |
|
|
|
|
| Thickness of inter-ventricular septum (mm) |
0.86 ± 0.08 |
0.87 ± 0.06 |
0.859 ± 0.07 |
0.789 |
| Thickness of posterior wall (mm) |
0.77 ± 0.03 |
0.79 ± 0.08 |
0.791 ± 0.09 |
0.916 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (mm) |
4.18 ± 0.16a |
4.456 ± 0.17b |
4.22 ± 0.19a |
0.016 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic dimension (mm) |
2.78 ± 0.13a |
3.462 ± 0.49b |
3.09 ± 0.33c |
<0.001 |
| Fractional shortening (%) |
33.44 ± 0.85a |
22.82 ± 1.15b |
27.86 ± 1.61c |
<0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 62.66 ± 1.43a | 46.04 ± 1.95b | 54.05 ± 5.41c | <0.001 |
* performed by ANOVA; means with different letters (a, b, c) indicate significant difference (at level 0.05) by Bonferroni’s multiple-comparisons post hoc test.
† value was observed after 12 fasting in the mice.