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. 2013 Jan 22;8(1):e52912. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052912

Figure 3. Combination of nutrients modulates tumor-induced cachexia and immunosuppression factors (experiment B).

Figure 3

A, mRNA levels of cachexic and immunosuppression factors in tumors with treatment of the nutrients combination. Values are means of fluorescence signals expressed as percentages (normalized to GAPDH mRNA). Data show mean ± SD. for n = 10–12 mice/group pooled from three independent experiments. B, Tumors (n = 10 mice/group pooled from three independent experiments) were homogenized for determining proinflammatory mediators by ELISA. C, Immunofluorescence analysis for untreated (TB-Con) and treated lung tumors stained with IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF. Images are shown at ×100 magnification. Immunostained expression levels of immunosuppression proteins that were quantitated using Image Pro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics Inc., New York, USA). Data show mean ± SD. for n = 7–8 mice/group pooled from three independent experiments. D, VEGF and apoptosis-associated proteins in tumors from above that were Western blotted using appropriate specific antibodies. Tumor(+)Background diet(−)Fish oil(−)Selenium(−) indicates “in vitro cultured tumor cells”. Data show n = 10–12 mice/group, and mean ± SD. is representative of results from three independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 stand for levels of significant differences from TB-Con mice.