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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2013 Feb;51(2):180–185. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318273119b

Table 2.

Comparison of dimensions of patient complexity, as measured by the Potential for Benefit Scale among those with and without prior history of CHD (N=1314)1

CHD2 (N=235) No CHD3 (N=1079) Total Sample (N=1314) Mean difference4 (±95% CI) p-value5
Depressive Symptoms6 4.1 (2.5) 3.7 (2.4) 3.8 (2.5) 0.4 (0.0,0.7) .044
Diabetes Burden7 3.9 (2.8) 4.1 (2.9) 4.0 (2.9) 0.2 (-1.8,6.4) .276
Physical Function8 4.3 (3.0) 3.4 (2.9) 3.6 (3.0) 0.9 (0.5,1.4) <.001
TIBI9 3.2 (1.9) 2.4 (1.7) 2.6 (1.7) 0.8 (0.5,1.0) <.001
Passivity10 5.1 (1.8) 5.4 (1.8) 5.3 (1.8) 0.3 (0.0,0.6) .021
Total PBS Score11 2.6 (1.1) 2.4 (1.0) 2.4 (1.1) 0.2 (0.1,0.4) .003
1

Table entries are means (SD). All variables rescaled to a range of 0 to 10 for presentation purposes.

2

Patients with a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) noted in the medical record.

3

Patients with no history of CHD noted in the medical record.

4

Difference between CHD and no CHD groups with 95% confidence interval of the difference.

5

p-value computed from independent samples t-test

6

Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale, 11-item version; higher scores indicating the presence of more depressive symptoms.17

7

Diabetes burden scale measures impact of diabetes on health, social activities, lifestyle and finances; higher scores indicate a greater degree of diabetes burden.18-19

8

Physical Function scale of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36; Reverse-coded so that higher scores indicate poorer physical functioning.16

9

Total Illness Burden Index, a measure of the presence and severity of conditions comorbid to diabetes and/or heart disease; 7 disease-specific scale scores computed from 38 individual questionnaire items; higher TIBI scores indicate greater comorbidity.13-15

10

Provider-Dependent Health Care Orientation scale (PDHCO), measuring patient passivity; higher scores indicate greater passivity.20

11

Potential for Benefit Scale (PBS), a composite measure of patient complexity scored as a weighted mean of five measures (depressive symptoms, diabetes burden, physical function, TIBI and passivity), with weights determined by factor loadings on a single factor in principal components analysis