. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Environ Pollut. 2012 Dec 25;174:189–193. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.012

Table 1.

Concentrations detected in U.S. sewage sludges collected in 2001 and calculated annual loading of AP and APEOs to different environmental compartments.

Compound	Sewage Sludge Concentration Avg. (Min, Max) (mg/kg)	Frequency Detected (%)	Estimated Annual AP and APEOs Load Min-Max (Metric Tonnes/yr)²
	Sewage Sludge Concentration Avg. (Min, Max) (mg/kg)		To Sewage Sludge	To Land Application	To Landfills	To Incineration
4-Nonylphenol	534 (405, 861)	100	2066-5510	1033-3306	351-937	413-1102
4-Nonylphenol monoethoxylate	62.1 (34.3, 103)	100	175-659	87-396	30-112	35-132
4-Nonylphenol diethoxylate	59.5 (32.8, 153)	100	167-979	84-588	28-166	33-196
Octylphenol	<MDL¹	0	-	-	-	-

MDL- Method detection limit

These values were calculated based on the estimated percentage of total sewage sludges use and disposal (50-60% to land application;17% to landfills; 20% to incineration) (NEBRA, 2007; Jones-Lepp and Stevens, 2007; National Research Council, 2002)