Table 1.
Participant Characteristics According to Sex and Race
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | |||
|
| ||||
| Non-Black | Black | Non-Black | Black | |
| N | 130 | 109 | 150 | 111 |
| Age (yrs) | 46.8 (17.8) | 49.7 (15.2) | 46.3 (15.1) | 50.0 (15.4) |
| Post-menopausal | N/A | N/A | 63 (42%) | 61 (55%) |
| Height (m) | 1.77 (0.07) | 1.75 (0.07) | 1.64 (0.07) | 1.64 (0.07) |
| Weight (kg) | 82.6 (14.5) | 82.6 (15.1) | 65.2 (13.8) | 80.5 (18.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 (23.0, 27.8) | 26.7 (23.4, 29.5) | 23.0 (20.4, 26.4) | 27.5 (24.7, 32.6) |
| Tibia length (mm) | 410 (394, 423) | 421 (401, 436) | 372 (356, 389) | 394 (376, 410) |
| Calf muscle CSA (mm2) | 80.7 (74.0, 87.0) | 77.5 (68.6, 87.7) | 63.4 (57.2, 70.7) | 64.0 (58.1, 73.0) |
| Muscle strength (N-m) | 40.5 (33.9, 43.7) | 40.3 (33.5, 45.4) | 25.5 (20.7, 29.3) | 25.6 (22.1, 32.1) |
| Calf muscle density (mg/cm3) | 75.5 (74.0, 76.4) | 75.3 (72.9, 76.5) | 75.2 (73.9, 76.4) | 73.7 (71.7, 75.0) |
| Whole body LBMI (kg/m2) | 18.4 (2.3) | 18.9 (2.5) | 14.9 (2.0) | 16.4 (2.3) |
| Whole body FMI (kg/m2) | 5.8 (2.9) | 5.4 (2.4) | 7.4 (3.2) | 10.6 (4.0) |
| Trabecular BMD (mg/cm3) | 264 (236, 293) | 244 (215, 265) | 222 (203, 245) | 231 (209, 257) |
| Cortical BMD (mg/cm3) | 1176 (1157, 1196) | 1200 (1182, 1211) | 1203 (1182, 1219) | 1201 (1172, 1220) |
| Cortical section modulus (mm3) | 2230 (1110, 3230) | 2420 (1240, 3500) | 1480 (919, 2310) | 1760 (1190, 3540) |
| Regular exercise (n, %) | 113 (87%) | 87 (80%) | 135 (90%) | 90 (81%) |
| Exercise (MET-hr/week) | 31 (10.5, 72) | 32.7 (5.5, 99.8) | 24.5 (10.5, 52.8) | 24.5 (5.3, 65.5) |
Results are presented as mean (SD) for normally distributed data and median (inter-quartile range) for skewed data.
CSA: cross-sectional area