Table 3.

Multivariable Models Assessing the Impact of Muscle and Fat Covariates on Natural Log-Transformed Cortical Section Modulus.

	Section Modulus Model 1 R² = 0.64 N = 405	Section Modulus Model 2 R² = 0.71 N = 405	Section Modulus Model 3 R² = 0.72 N= 405	Section Modulus Model 4 R² = 0.73 N = 405

	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Age	0.020 (−0.0029, 0.042)	0.030 (0.010, 0.051) ^b	0.036 (0.013, 0.058) ^b	0.040 (0.017, 0.062) ^b
Female sex	−0.16 (−0.27, −0.058) ^b	−0.018 (−0.11, 0.079)	0.00062 (−0.098, 0.099)	0.066 (−0.034, 0.17)
Female * Age	−0.038 (−0.070, −0.0048) ^a	−0.050 (−0.080, −0.021) ^b	−0.051 (−0.080, −0.023) ^c	−0.049 (−0.078, −0.021) ^b
Black race	0.065 (0.030, 0.10) ^c	0.022 (0.010, 0.054) ^a	0.023 (−0.0089, 0.056)	0.021 (−0.010, 0.053)
Tibia length	0.10 (0.084, 0.12) ^c	0.11 (0.088, 0.12) ^c	0.10 (0.083, 0.12) ^c	0.11 (0.088, 0.12) ^c
LBMI	--	0.095 (0.077, 0.11) ^c	0.090 (0.071, 0.11) ^c	0.12 (0.098, 0.14) ^c
Muscle strength	--	--	0.026 (0.0074, 0.045) ^b	0.021 (0.0022, 0.040) ^a
Muscle density	--	--	−0.0035 (−0.022, 0.015)	−0.015 (−0.034, 0.0040)
FMI	--	--	--	−0.049 (−0.072, −0.026) ^c

Results are presented as standardized beta-coefficients for continuous variables (effect per 1 SD). Tibia length, muscle strength, and muscle density, were log-transformed in all models.

p <0.05,

p<0.01,

p<0.001