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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2012 Dec 21;190(3):1331–1340. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202442

Figure 3. CD4+ T cells in the lung are skewed towards a Th1 and Th17 phenotype in response to chronic cigarette smoke exposure.

Figure 3

Balb/cJ mice were exposed for 6 months to FA or CS and CD4+ T cells were isolated from lung digestion by negative selection and stimulated with PMA and ionomycin in vitro with or without the presence of Brefeldin A so that cytokine expression could be measured by intracellular flow cytometry or ELISA. CD4+ T cells were pooled from N=6 mice/group and repeated in an independent experiment. A. Representative density plots showing the cytokine expression profile among CD4+ T cells and the gates used to identify the CD4+ subsets. B. Odds ratios comparing the proportion of CD4+ T cells expressing each cytokine demonstrate that CS exposure increases the likelihood that CD4+ T cells express IFNγ and IL-17, but not IL-4. Pooled odds ratios were calculated from two independent experiments and error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals. C. CD4+ T cells isolated from the lungs of FA and CS-exposed mice were stimulated ex vivo with PMA and ionomycin and 48 hours later the production of IFNγ and IL-17A was measured by ELISA in the supernatant.