TABLE 3. Cox Proportional Hazard Regressions for Early-Age Heart Disease Mortality at Follow-Up: All Veterans Combined by Baseline PTSD Status (n = 4328)a.
All Veterans Combined: Early-Age HD Mortality − Total Deaths = 52 (65,174 Person Years at Risk) |
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Baseline PTSD Measures | Theater Status Adjusted Modelsb |
Adjusted Modelsc |
Adjusted Models With Depressiond |
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HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | |
D-PTSD case definition | 2.32 | 1.08–5.00 | .031 | 2.25 | 1.02–4.95 | .045 | 2.06 | 0.92–4.62 | .081 |
D-PTSD symptom level | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | .004 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.08 | .009 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | .024 |
D-PTSD symptoms—5-point groups (D-PTSD-5) |
1.23 | 1.06–1.42 | .006 | 1.22 | 1.04–1.42 | .013 | 1.20 | 1.01–1.41 | .034 |
K-PTSD case definition | 2.39 | 1.07–5.33 | .033 | 2.16 | 0.95–4.89 | .066 | 1.87 | 0.77–4.55 | .168 |
K-PTSD symptom level | 1.04 | 1.01–1.06 | .007 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | .022 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | .064 |
K-PTSD symptoms—5-point groups (K-PTSD-5) |
1.20 | 1.06–1.37 | .005 | 1.18 | 1.03–1.36 | .016 | 1.17 | 1.00–1.35 | .046 |
HR = hazard ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; BMI = body mass index; HD = heart disease.
HD mortality included myocardial infarction, chronic ischemic HD, atherosclerotic HD, heart failure, and hypertensive HD.
Models adjusted for theater status only.
Models concurrently adjusted for theater status, baseline age, intelligence, pack-years of smoking, and BMI >30.
Models concurrently adjusted for theater status, baseline age, intelligence, pack-years of smoking, BMI >30, and history of depression.
Variables assessed but deleted from models due to nonsignificance included: race, family history of HD, history of alcohol abuse/dependence, and history of antisocial personality disorder.