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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Sep 27;265(1):10–18. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.09.017

FIG. 10. Model for ribotoxin-induced rRNA cleavage model in RAW 264.7 cells.

FIG. 10

Picture depicts putative signaling pathways for induction of rRNA cleavage by DON, anisomycin, SG and ricin. DON and anisomycin sequentially activate PKR/Hck, p38, p53 and caspases leading to apoptosis-associate rRNA cleavage, while SG and ricin activate p53 and caspases by an alternative mechanism. Cathepsin L released from lysosome promotes DON-, anisomycin-, SG- and ricin-induced apoptosis and rRNA cleavage. Both constitutive (c) and inducible (i) RNases might contribute to the ribotoxin-induced cleavage of rRNA exposed by caspase action. Black and gray circles represent cathepsins and cytochrome c, respectively.