Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics
| Characteristic | HIV-uninfected (n=155) | HIV-infected (n=222) |
|---|---|---|
| Median age, years (range) | 50 (37–73) | 50 (35–68) |
| Male, n (%) | 76 (49) | 104 (47) |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||
| Black, n (%) | 71 (46) | 135 (61) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 52 (34) | 59 (27) |
| White/Other, n (%) | 32 (21) | 28 (13) |
| Employed, n (%)a | 35 (23) | 28 (13) |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 69 (45) | 86 (39) |
| Body mass indexa | ||
| <25.0 kg/m2 (lean/normal), n (%) | 48 (31) | 87 (39) |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), n (%) | 50 (32) | 82 (37) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (obese), n (%) | 57 (37) | 53 (24) |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%)b | 68 (45) | 79 (36) |
| Physical activity, n (%)c | 55 (36) | 59 (27) |
| Drug use in the prior 5 years | ||
| Heroin, n (%)a | 57 (37) | 47 (21) |
| Crack or cocaine, n (%) | 87 (56) | 110 (50) |
| Drug use in the prior 6 months | ||
| Heroin, n (%)a | 23 (15) | 15 (7) |
| Crack or cocaine, n (%) | 35 (23) | 51 (23) |
| Current methadone maintenance, n (%) | 22 (14) | 18 (8) |
| HCV status | ||
| HCV-seronegative, n (%) | 66 (43) | 94 (42) |
| HCV-seropositive, undetectable RNA, n (%) | 27 (17) | 31 (14) |
| HCV-seropositive, detectable RNA, n (%) | 62 (40) | 97 (44) |
| Antiretroviral use | ||
| No HAART, n (%) | 47 (21) | |
| Non-PI-HAART, n (%) | 55 (25) | |
| PI-HAART, n (%) | 120 (54) | |
| CD4+ T-cell count | ||
| ≤200 cells/μl, n (%) | 32 (15) | |
| 201–500 cells/μl, n (%) | 99 (45) | |
| >500 cells/μl, n (%) | 90 (41) | |
| Zidovudine use, n (%) | 13 (6) | |
| Stavudine use, n (%) | 67 (30) | |
| Median fasting glucose, mg/dl (range) | 93 (55–351) | 92 (53–217) |
| Median 120-min glucose, mg/dl (range) | 105 (42–477) | 109 (54–299) |
| OGTT results | ||
| Normal, n (%) | 92 (59) | 145 (65) |
| Prediabetes, n (%) | 50 (32) | 65 (29) |
| IFG, n (%) | 31 (62) | 27 (42) |
| IGT, n (%) | 12 (24) | 21 (32) |
| IFG and IGT, n (%) | 7 (14) | 17 (26) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 13 (8) | 12 (5) |
Because of rounding, percentages may not total 100. Missing data is as follows: employed (n=4),abdominal obesity (n=6),used heroin in prior 5 years (n=1),used heroin or crack/cocaine in prior 6 months (n=4),current methadone (n=2) and CD4+ T-cell count (n=1).HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PI, protease inhibitor