Table 5.

Unstandardized Fixed Effects, Variance Components, and Fit Statistics for the Growth Models in Which Adolescent Behavior Predicts Parental Knowledge and Family Management Practices Longitudinally

Variance component	Longitudinal model
	Parental knowledge	Parental rule making	Use of reinforcement	Parental warmth
Fixed effects for initial status
Intercept	2.734*** (.216)	2.419*** (.145)	2.175*** (.308)	1.907*** (.282)
Treat	−.091 (.132)	.044 (.086)	−.034 (.186)	.001 (.174)
White	.014 (.156)	−.074 (.102)	−.071 (.219)	.040 (.205)
SES	.014 (.037)	.025 (.021)	.068 (.046)	.196 (.127)
Male	−.354** (.133)	−.098 (.086)	−.248† (.125)	−.249 (.175)
Single-parent	−.040 (.150)	−.178* (.082)	−.124 (.210)	−.155 (.197)
Single × Male
Fixed effects for linear slope	−.133* (.068)	−.112* (.043)	−.164* (.086)	−.129* (.089)
Intercept	.010 (.052)	−.037 (.033)	−.001 (.071)	−.032 (.069)
Treat	.011 (.062)	−.019 (.039)	−.008 (.085)	−.026 (.082)
White	.023 (.025)	.035 (.031)	.038 (.046)	.021 (.046)
SES	.102† (.052)	.029 (.033)	.071 (.072)	.137* (.069)
Male	−.022 (.060)	.012 (.038)	.018 (.082)	.029 (.078)
Antisocial behavior
Intercept	−.039** (.035)	−.073** (.024)	−.123* (.055)	−.102* (.049)
Substance use
Intercept	−.023** (.008)	−.017* (.005)	.001 (.011)	−.034** (.010)
Positive behavior
Intercept	.002 (.038)	.013 (.026)	.102† (.051)	.281*** (.045)
Random effects
Intercept	.192***	.106***	.696***	.721***
Linear slope	.034***	.025***	.047***	.119***
Level 1 residual	.274***	.103***	.466***	.431***
Goodness of fit
−2LL	4,105.3	2,760.4	6,102.3	5,970.0
AIC	4,116.4	2,796.4	6,132.3	5,996.0

Note Standard errors are in parentheses. quadratic effects were tested but not significant for family management practices. SES = socioeconomic status; Treat = treatment group; LL = log likelihood; AIC = Akaike information criterion.

^† p < .10.

^*p <.05.

^**p <.01.

^***p < .001.