Fig. 6.

Larval skull and cranial musculature of Bombina orientalis, depicted in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Neural crest-derived cartilages are shaded according to the migratory stream from which they originate (redrawn from Olsson & Hanken, 1996): light gray, mandibular stream; medium gray, hyoid stream; dark gray, branchial stream. The few non-crest-derived cartilages are lightly shaded. Cranial muscles are depicted schematically; only muscles of interest for the discussion in this paper are shown. Mandibular (first) arch muscles are red, hyoid (second) arch muscles are blue. Paired muscles are depicted on one side only. Cartilages: ct, cornua trabecula; ir, infrarostral; mc, Meckel’s cartilage; pq, palatoquadrate; sr, suprarostral. Muscles: mandibular arch muscles: ima, m. intermandibularis anterior; imp, m. intermandibularis posterior; lmep, m. levator mandibulae externus profundus; lmes, m. levator mandibulae externus superficialis; lmi, m. levator mandibulae internus; lml, m. levator mandibulae lateralis; lmls&p, m. levator mandibulae longus superficialis andt profundus; lmr, m. levator mandibulae articularis; ml, m. mandibulolabialis. Hyoid arch muscles: am, angularis group; ha, m. hyoangularis; ih, m. interhyoideus; oh, m. orbitohyoideus; osh, m. orbito- and suspensoriohyoideus; qa, m. quadratoangularis; sa, m. suspensorioangularis; sh, m. suspensoriohyoideus. Redrawn based on Olsson et al. (2001). Anatomical nomenclature follows Haas (2001).