Table 2.
Measures of Risk Factors at Baseline and 4 Months.*
| Variable |
Medical-Management
Group (N = 227) |
PTAS Group
(N = 224) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4 Mo | Baseline | 4 Mo | |
| Clinical factor | ||||
| Blood pressure | ||||
| No. of patients evaluated | 227 | 179 | 220 | 173 |
| Systolic — mm Hg | 146.8±21.8 | 134.8±17.0 | 143.9±20.6 | 133.1±15.9 |
| Diastolic — mm Hg† | 82.3±12.0 | 77.3±10.0 | 77.9±10.7 | 76.2±9.7 |
| Lipids‡ | ||||
| No. of patients evaluated | 226 | 175 | 219 | 174 |
| LDL cholesterol — mg/dl | 97.7±36.6 | 72.8±26.0 | 96.3±38.5 | 75.9±40.9 |
| HDL cholesterol — mg/dl | 38.8±10.1 | 41.9±11.4 | 37.8±10.6 | 43.2±13.3 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol — mg/dl | 116.6±40.3 | 90.9±30.8 | 116.6±43.9 | 94.3±50.2 |
| Glycated hemoglobin in patients with diabetes§ | ||||
| No. of patients evaluated | 98 | 47 | 102 | 50 |
| Level of glycated hemoglobin — % | 8.3±2.3 | 7.5±2.0 | 7.9±2.1 | 7.8±2.4 |
| Body-mass index¶ | ||||
| No. of patients evaluated | 227 | 180 | 224 | 170 |
| Value | 30.7±6.3 | 30.4±6.4 | 30.3±6.2 | 30.0±6.2 |
| Lifestyle factor | ||||
| No. of patients evaluated | 227 | 181 | 223 | 173 |
| Current smoker — % | 30.4 | 20.4 | 24.2 | 17.3 |
| Moderate or vigorous exercise — %∥ | 29.1 | 56.6 | 34.2 | 56.1 |
Plus–minus values are means ±SD. Risk-factor measures in both groups at 30 days and at 1 year are provided in Table 2 in the Supplementary Appendix. To convert the values for cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.02586. PTAS denotes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting.
The difference in diastolic blood pressure at baseline between the two groups is significant (P<0.001).
Lipid levels at baseline and 4 months were measured at the Central Lipid Laboratory, with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels measured directly. Non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol is total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, or the sum of LDL cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Levels shown are baseline and 6-month levels, rather than baseline and 4-month levels (the protocol did not require levels to be measured at 4 months). Diabetes was defined according to the 2010 criteria of the American Diabetes Association.
The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
Moderate or vigorous exercise was defined as a score on the Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise (PACE) evaluation of 4 to 8, with 4 indicating vigorous exercise less than three times per week or moderate exercise less than five times per week and 8 indicating vigorous exercise at least 3 days a week for at least the previous 6 months. Examples of moderate exercise include brisk walking, gardening, and slow cycling for at least 10 minutes; examples of vigorous exercise include jogging, running, and fast cycling for at least 20 minutes. A total of 182 patients were included in the medical-management group at 4 months.