Table 2.
Sensory function in the right foot of 15 falanga (F) and 17 no falanga (NF) torture victims and 14 healthy controls (C) (mean, SD, 95% CI, median and range for eight QST variables)
|
Right foot |
MDT |
CDT |
WDT |
CPT |
HPT |
PPT |
Wind-up mm |
Wind-up mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
target force g |
°C |
°C |
°C |
°C |
kPa |
at 0.3 Hz |
at 1.0 Hz |
| |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
Mean |
| |
SD |
SD |
SD |
SD |
SD |
SD |
SD |
SD |
| |
CI |
CI |
CI |
CI |
CI |
CI |
CI |
CI |
| |
Median |
Median |
Median |
Median |
Median |
Median |
Median |
Median |
| (Range) | (Range) | (Range) | (Range) | (Range) | (Range) | (Range) | (Range) | |
| Falanga n=15 |
5.66 |
25.2 |
43.2 |
19.1 |
47.0 |
252 |
16 |
29 |
| |
15.22 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
9.2 |
4.6 |
206 |
20 |
23 |
| |
−2.77–14.09 |
22.5–27.9 |
40.5–45.9 |
14.0–24.2 |
44.5–49.6 |
138–365 |
4–28 |
16–43 |
| |
1.00 |
27.0 |
44.5 |
21.7 |
49.9 |
181 |
10 |
27 |
| |
(0.16–60.00) |
(14.4–30.7) |
(35.5–50.0) |
(0–29.2) |
(37.9-50.0) |
(19–833) |
(−3–72) |
(0–82) |
| No Falanga n=17 |
3.71 |
22.5 |
44.2 |
15.3 |
48.9 |
275 |
5 |
27 |
| |
4.62 |
7.7 |
4.7 |
9.7 |
1.8 |
205 |
8 |
18 |
| |
1.33–6.09 |
18.4–26.5 |
41.7–46.7 |
9.9–20.6 |
47.9–49.9 |
169–380 |
1–9 |
17–36 |
| |
1.00 |
24.8 |
44.6 |
18.5 |
50.0 |
214 |
2 |
35 |
| |
(0.07–15.00) |
(0–29.4) |
(34.0–50.0) |
(0–26.3) |
(44.3–50.0) |
(98–818) |
(−4–23) |
(0–51) |
| Controls n=14 |
0.41 |
28.0 |
40.1 |
18.2 |
46.7 |
485 |
17 |
30 |
| |
0.35 |
2.4 |
2.8 |
8.3 |
2.5 |
179 |
14 |
19 |
| |
0.21–0.61 |
26.6–29.4 |
38.5–41.7 |
13.5–23.0 |
45.3–48.2 |
381–588 |
9–25 |
18–41 |
| |
0.28 |
28.8 |
40.3 |
21.2 |
46.8 |
460 |
17 |
28 |
| |
(0.07–1.00) |
(20.9–30.1) |
(35.3–43.3) |
(2.6–27.7) |
(42.4–50.0) |
(240–912) |
(−3–45) |
(0–62) |
| ANOVA p-value |
0.010 * |
0.019 |
0.030 |
0.505 |
0.150 |
0.005 |
0.050 |
0.924 |
|
Tukey’s post hoc test F/NF |
0.880 * |
0.278 |
0.791 |
0.507 |
0.264 |
0.941 |
0.122 |
0.949 |
| F/C |
0.043 * |
0.361 |
0.128 |
0.967 |
0.964 |
0.008 |
0.970 |
0.999 |
| NF/C | 0.011 * | 0.014 | 0.027 | 0.673 | 0.176 | 0.014 | 0.067 | 0.930 |
MDT, mechanical detection threshold; g, gram; CDT, cold detection threshold; WDT, warm detection threshold; CPT, cold pain threshold; HPT, heat pain threshold; PPT, pressure pain threshold; kPa, kiloPascal; Wind-up mm at 0.3 Hz (mean pre/post difference in pain intensity VAS mm after wind-up stimulation at 0.3 Hz); Wind-up mm at 1.0 Hz (mean pre/post difference in pain intensity VAS mm after wind-up stimulation at 1.0 Hz); * calculated on log MDT.