Figure 8. Cilia motion pattern in cultured HBE cells.

Time-lapsed ciliary motion pattern can be easily identified in the M-mode image (top) of the active epithelial area shown in Figs. 7 A–C and also Movie S5. The continuity of the sinusoidal pattern in the M-mode image indicates that the entire beat cycle was captured. Corresponding time-lapse intensity analysis (bottom) reveals triphasic pattern of the ciliary beat cycle: the recovery stroke (blue line), the effective stroke (orange line) and the rest phase in between the effective stroke and next effective stroke.