Table 1.
Associated pathology | Dubin and Amelar [38] (% on 1294 pz) | Van Zyl et al. [39] (% on 596 pz) | WHO(% on 7057 pz) | Behre et al. [40] (% on 7802 pz) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infection | – | 26 | 6.6 | 9.0 |
Varicocele | 39 | 24 | 12.3 | 16.6 |
Chromosomal anomalies | 3 | 12 | 2.1 | – |
Cryptorchidism | 4 | 3 | – | 8.5 |
Endocrinopathies | 9 | 2 | 0.6 | 8.9 |
Obstructions | 7 | 3 | – | 1.5 |
Idiopathic | 38 | 30 | 48.5 | 31.7 |
Sexual | – | – | 1.7 | 5.7 |
Testicular neoplasia | – | – | – | 2.3 |
Systemic diseases | – | – | – | 5.0 |