Table 2.
Used predefined physiological parameters.
| Total number of nephrons (both kidneys) | 76000a |
| Fraction of long loop nephrons | 30%b |
| Renal plasma flow (RPF; ml/min) | 5.06c |
| Fraction peritubular plasma flow (fperitub) | 85%d |
| Glomerular filtration rate at physiological steady state (GFR0; ml/min) | 1.31e |
| Hematocrit in cortex and outer medulla | 0.38f |
| Hematocrit in inner medulla | 0.23f |
| Permeability of AVR for sodium, urea, and drug (; cm/s) | 120E−5g |
| Permeability of DVR for sodium, urea, and drug (; cm/s) | 76E−5g |
Permeability of DVR for urea (PDVR
k  DVR in outer medulla; cm/s) |
360E−5g |
| Permeability of peritubular capillaries for sodium, urea, and drug (Pperitub; cm/s) | 120E−5h |
| Surface area of peritubular capillaries (Speritub; cm2) | 1.36E3i |
| Water conductivity of DVR [R (k DVR in outer medulla); L2/(min μmol)] |
2.2E−8j |
| Water conductivity of DVR [R (k DVR in inner medulla I); L2/(min μmol)] |
2.2E−8j |
| Water conductivity of DVR [R (k DVR in inner medulla II); L2/(min μmol)] |
3.8E−9j |
| Systemic sodium plasma concentration (mmol/L) | 150k |
| Systemic urea plasma concentration (mmol/L) | 6k |
| Pressure at the end of collecting duct (Pe; mmHg) | 3l |
| Effective glomerular resistance (Rglom; mmHg min/L) | 2.205E9m |
| Pressure in glomerular capillaries, short loop nephrons (Pgs; mmHg) | 44.2n |
| Pressure in glomerular capillaries, long loop nephrons (Pgl; mmHg) | 47.2o |
| Number of collecting ducts per short loop nephron in cortex | 1/4p |
| Number of collecting ducts per nephron in outer medulla | 1/6p |
| Number of collecting ducts per nephron in inner medulla I | 1/12q |
| Number of collecting ducts per nephron in inner medulla II | 1/310q |
aKnepper et al., 1977; bJamison, 1987; ccalculated from systemic hematocrit 0.45 and renal blood flow 9.2 ml/min (Davies and Morris, 1993); dNavar et al., 2008; eDavies and Morris, 1993; fRasmussen, 1973; gvalues for sodium and urea are taken from literature (Pallone et al., 1994), same values are used for the hydrophilic drug; hsame value used as for AVR; iCrone and Levitt, 1984; jestimated from hydraulic conductivity of DVR 1.6E−6 cm/s/mmHg (Pallone et al., 2003) and dimensions of DVR (Zimmerhackl et al., 1985); kAtherton et al., 1970; lJensen et al., 1981; madjusted so that the start value for the single nephron glomerular filtration rate times number of nephron matches total glomerular filtration rate at physiological steady state (GFR0); nBrenner et al., 1971; oadjusted, so that the start value of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate for long loop nephrons equals that for short loop nephrons (Ericson et al., 1982; Sjöquist et al., 1984); pKainer, 1975; the number per long loop nephron (1/1.71) is calculated by the number of collecting ducts per short loop nephron in cortex (1/4) and the fraction of long loop nephrons (30%) and is matching the literature value of 1/2; qestimated from Han et al. (1992).