Table 2. Relationship between clinical parameters and clinical outcome measures.

	Time to biochemical relapse	Survival from biochemical relapse	Disease-specific survival
Age (<70 vs ⩾70 years)	0.260	0.385	0.020
Gleason (<7 vs =7 vs >7)	0.013	0.754	0.008
Diagnosis PSA (<10 vs 10–20 vs >20 ng ml−1)	0.002	0.078	0.001
Recurrence PSA (<10 vs 10–20 vs >20 ng ml−1)		<0.001	<0.001
Lymphovascular invasion (presence vs absence)	0.001	0.612	0.114
Presence of metastases (presence vs absence)	0.001	0.008	<0.001
Ki67 (⩽median vs >median)	0.730	0.279	0.033

Abbreviation: PSA=prostate specific antigen.

The clinical variables were grouped and analysed by Kaplan–Meier methods with reference to clinical outcome measures as shown. Patients were considered to have biochemical relapse dependent on treatment; radical prostatectomy serum PSA >0.2 ng ml⁻¹, radical radiotherapy serum PSA of 2.0 ng ml⁻¹ above the post-treatment nadir level, hormone treatment 2–3 consecutive rises in serum PSA levels above the nadir obtained at intervals of >2 weeks (Roach et al, 2006; Cookson et al, 2007). Numbers in bold denote significant associations with P-value <0.05.