Table 3. Distribution of 185 hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 404 controls, ORa and corresponding 95% CI, according to diabetes and obesity, and number of MetS components, by serological evidence of chronic infection with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C viruses. Italy, 1999–2002.
|
HBsAg− and anti-HCV−
|
HBsAg− and anti-HCV− and lifetime alcohol intake <21 drinks per week
|
HBsAg+ or anti-HCV+
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca:Co | OR (95% CI) a | Ca:Co | OR (95% CI) a | Ca:Co | OR (95% CI) a | |
|
Diabetes
| ||||||
| No | 29 : 337 | Ref | 8 : 203 | Ref | 119 : 41 | Ref |
| Yes | 9 : 23 | 3.65 (1.37–9.75) | 3 : 13 | 9.14 (1.39–60.29) | 28 : 3 | 2.57 (0.61–10.64) |
|
Obesity
b
| ||||||
| No | 22 : 288 | Ref | 7 : 170 | Ref | 125 : 35 | Ref |
| Yes | 16 : 72 | 3.32 (1.51–7.32) | 4 : 46 | 2.69 (0.61–11.90) | 22 : 9 | 0.69 (0.21–2.27) |
|
Number of MetS components
| ||||||
| 0 | 12 : 197 | Ref | 2 : 112 | Ref | 85 : 22 | Ref |
| 1 | 12 : 116 | 1.76 (0.70–4.45) | 5 : 74 | 7.40 (0.90–61.10) | 50 : 17 | 0.90 (0.35–2.31) |
| ⩾2 | 14 : 47 | 6.45 (2.35–17.75) | 4 : 30 | 20.21 (1.96–208.49) | 12 : 5 | 0.69 (0.15–2.99) |
| P for trend | <0.001 | 0.009 | 0.612 | |||
| Increment of 1 MetS component | 2.16 (1.38–3.39) | 3.41 (1.31–8.89) | 0.84 (0.46–1.52) | |||
Abbreviations: Ca=cases; CI=confidence interval; Co=controls; HCV=hepatitis C virus; HBsAg=hepatitis B surface antigen; MetS=metabolic syndrome; OR=odds ratio.
a
Estimated from unconditional logistic regression model adjusted for centre, sex, age, education, drinking status (when appropriate), maximum lifetime alcohol intake (when appropriate), smoking habits, and non-alcohol energy intake.
b
Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ⩾30 kg m−2.